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Definition
| With the proper environment any (most) cognitive skills could be cultivated |
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| Piaget's theory of logical thinking |
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| concrete operational stage |
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Definition
Children in this stage can, however, only solve problems that apply to actual (concrete) objects or events, and not abstract concepts or hypothetical tasks
7-11 years |
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Definition
acquisition of the ability to think abstractly, reason logically and draw conclusions from the information available, as well as apply all these processes to hypothetical situations
12-adulthood |
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| the branch of psychology that deals with the scope and limitations of learning |
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| zone of proximal development |
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Definition
the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers
Vygotsky |
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| a way to reinforce doing behaviors we see others rewarded for doing |
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| reinforcers such as acceptance, hugs, approval, interest, praise, attention |
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| reinforcement of a fun activity |
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| reinforcers such as candy or stickers |
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| unconcious internalization of worldly aspects of life |
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| instructional technique whereby the teacher models the desired learning strategy or task, then gradually shifts responsibility to the student |
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| "monkey see, monkey do" neuron catalysts |
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| form of reinforcement that uses tangible rewards to earn bigger rewards |
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| the psychological theory of of knowledge that argues people generate knowledge through experiences |
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| learning through imitation |
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| entity view of intelligence |
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Definition
| intelligence is unchangeable |
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| incremental view of learning |
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Definition
| theory that learning occurs in stages |
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| anxiety that helps performance on exams |
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| anxiety that hinders performance |
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| theory concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behavior of others or themselves (self-attribution) with something else. It explores how individuals "attribute" causes to events and how this cognitive perception affects their usefulness in an organization |
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| the pyramid of 'needs' necessary for students to learn effectively |
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| general theory of human motivation and is concerned with the choices people make with their own free will and full sense of choice, without any external influence and interference |
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| a person’s perception of their ability to reach a goal, whereas self-esteem relates to a person’s sense of self-worth |
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| motivation that comes from the inside |
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| motivation caused by one's desire to do well |
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| motivation influenced by an external reward |
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| when a student does their work in order to gain achievement because they want to learn |
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| mastering something for an extrinsic reward |
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| mastering something for an extrinsic reward |
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