Term
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Definition
| behavior that deviates from the norm |
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Term
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Definition
| whether a person is aware of consequences of their behavior |
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Term
| models for defining disorders |
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Definition
- violations of cultural standards
- self destructive or harmful, negative consequences of behavior
-emotional distress |
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Term
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Definition
| Reference manual to diagnose disorders |
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Term
| five axes of a psychological diagnosis |
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Definition
Axis I: clinical symptoms - all psychological disorders except personality disorders and mental retardation
Axis II : personality pisorders and mental retardation
Axis III : general medical conditions
Axis IV : Psychosocial or enviromental
Axis V : global assessment of functioning (0-100 score) |
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Term
| concerns about the diagnostic system |
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Definition
- over diagnoses
- labels stay with you for life
- increase of mental disorders |
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Term
| advantages to the DSM-IV-TR |
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Definition
- new studies improving empirical evidence
-categories help clinicals to select the most appropriate treatment
- culture - bound syndromes are now included |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological tests, beingable to make diagnosis, ink-blot open ended questions, reliable, standardized |
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Term
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Definition
| inventories, independent of rater bias, MMPI (Minnesota test) |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| anxiety and panic, fears and phobias, obsessions and compulsions |
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Term
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Definition
reoccuring panic attacks or periods of intense fear
-dizy, rapid heartbeat, physiological symptoms
- caused by a specific event
- how they interpret bodily reactions |
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Term
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder |
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Definition
traumatic event or life threatening event
-psychic numbing
-relive trauma
- more than 1 month after even happened |
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Term
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Definition
| exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situations, activity or object |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| phobias v. normal fears or dislikes |
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Definition
| incapacitating fear, keeps you from living life normally |
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Term
| therapeutically approach phobias |
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Definition
| Systematic desentization and flooding |
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Term
| obsessions and compulsions |
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Definition
| persistant thoughts and ritualized behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
- depressed mood
- reduced interest in almost all activities
- significant weight gain or loss without dieting
- sleep disturbance (insomnia or too much sleep)
- change in motor activity
- fatigue or loss of enery
- reduced ability to think or concentrate
- recurrent thoughts of death |
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Term
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Definition
-Biological explanations: twins separated and adopted both have depression, seratoning levels -Social explanations: hisotry of losses -attachment explanations: insecure attachment -cognitive explanation: negative ways of thinking about things, feel powerless -vulnerability-stress model: biological approach, genetic predisposition for you to have depression |
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Term
| narcissistic personality disorder |
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Definition
| exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption |
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Term
| paranoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| habitually unreasonable and excessive suspiciousness and jealousy |
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Term
| antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| antisocial behavior such as lying, stealing, manupulation others and sometimes violence, lack of guilt |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
multiple personality disorder
- consciousness or identity is split or altered
problems with diagnosis: flaws underlying research, pressure and suggestions by clinicians and media influence |
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Term
| definition of substance abuse |
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Definition
| mal adaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or stress |
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Term
| 25. What has research shown about countries that have some sort of prohibition and its link to alcoholism? |
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Definition
| encourages people to take it in binges and moderate use is neither tolerated nor taught. |
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Term
| positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
positive: they HAVE halucinations, delusions, hear things
negative: They DON'T have normal thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
BIOLOGICAL APPROACH: drugs and medications
PSYCHOTHERAPY: therapies/counseling |
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Term
| commonly prescribed drugs for mental disorders |
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Definition
1. Antipsychotics: psychosis, schitzrophrenia and bi-polar
2. Anti-Depressants: depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, sometimes eating disorders
3. Tranquilizers: Valum, calming, pre-surgery or pre-procedural
4. lythium carbonates: mood stabalizers, bi polar |
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Term
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Definition
surgery to treat phsychological disorders
(ECT) - severe depression
(TMS) - depression |
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Term
| electroconvulsive shock therapy |
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Definition
| shock therapy(small seizure) for severe depression, no idea why it works, |
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Term
| transcranial magnetic stimulation |
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Definition
| a pulsing magnetic coil held to a person’s skull over the left prefrontal cortex (research has shown that this area is less active among people who have depression, and repeated TMS stimulates that area and gives it a “boost.” |
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Term
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Definition
| talks to the psychologist about their life and issues and could take months or years of intensive therapy to work. |
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Term
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Definition
| lay on sofa and saying whatever comes to mind, therapist won't say much and may have to write down thoughts in journals |
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Term
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Definition
| client displaces emotional feeling of significant person onto therapist |
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Term
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Definition
| client displaces emotional feeling of significant person onto therapist |
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Term
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Definition
| redirection of therapist feelings towards client |
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Term
| What does behavior and cognitive therapy focus on? |
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Definition
| not interested in the past, but more on the here-and-now |
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Term
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Definition
| started cognitive therapy |
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Term
| 3 components of cognitive restructuring |
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Definition
1. Evaluating validity of client‟s thoughts and beliefs
2. Assessing what the client expects, predicts
3. Assessing clients’ attributions for causes of events |
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Term
| Who started rational emotive behavioral therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| rational emotive behavioral therapy |
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Definition
Attempts to show clients that they are irrational and/or misguided in their thought processes.
- tend to overgeneralize and catastrophize |
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Term
| 5 basic tenets of humanistic psychology |
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Definition
1. Human beings cannot be reduced to components.
2. Human beings have in them a uniquely human context.
3. Human consciousness includes an awareness of oneself in the context of other people.
4. Human beings have choices and non desired responsibilities.
5. Human beings are intentional, they seek meaning, value and creativity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carl Rogers, therapist’s role is to listen to the client’s needs in an accepting and nonjudgmental way, therapists must be warm, accepting and genuine |
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Term
| unconditional positive regard (UPR) |
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Definition
| In Regerian Therapy, whatever the client’s presenting issue is, the goal is to build the client’s self-esteem and sense of acceptance, and help the client find a more productive way of seeing his or her problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| we have the power to choose our own destinies, helps clients explore the meaning of existence and face with courage the great questions of life, such as death, freedom, alienation from self and others, loneliness and meaninglessness |
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Term
| What is the most important thing for a therapist to do? |
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Definition
| he or she creates a relationship with his/her clients (therapeutic alliance) |
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Term
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Definition
- Sexual intimacies or other unethical behavior
- Prejudice or cultural ignorance
- empirically unsupported, potentially dangerous techniques
- Inappropriate or coercive treatments |
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