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| Interpretation of Symbolic Dream Imagery |
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| Developed by Carl Rogers- accepting climate, therapist shows empathy- client free to be themself and self-analyze |
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| Assume that people have ability/freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices |
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| Thoughts, feelings, sensations, and memories a person is aware of at any given moment |
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| Things not consciously aware of at current moment, but can easily be brought to conscious |
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| Freud- primary motivating factor of human behaviour- instincts, wishes, desires that have never been conscious and repressed memories |
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| Unconscious system of the personality, which contains the life and death instincts, operates on pleasure principle, source of the libido |
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| Logical, rational, and largely conscious part of the personality- operates on reality principle |
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| Moral system of the personality- consists of the conscious and the ego ideal |
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| Behaviours for which child has been punished, and feels guilty for |
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| Has been praised for and feels pride/satisfaction |
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| Involuntary removing of unpleasant memory, thought, or perception/banning disturbing sexual/aggressive impulses from conscience |
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| Less acceptable motive replaced by a more acceptable one |
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| Unacceptable motives/impulses transferred from less acceptable object to more acceptable object |
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| Person's own motives attributed to others- parent or other close person |
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| Acting opposite from the way one feels |
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| A series of stages through which the sexual instinc deleops; each stage is defined by an erogenous zone around which conflict arises |
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| Arrested development at a psychosexual stage occurring because of excessive gratification or frustration at the stage |
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| Mouth: weaning, oral gratification from sucking, eating, biting |
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| Anus: Toilet traning, gratification from expelling/witholding feces |
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| Genitals: oedipal conflict, sexual curiosity, masturbation |
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| Built on strengths of Freud's theories while trying to avoid weaknesses |
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| Personal unconscious, collective unconscious, neo-freudians |
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| Layer of unconscious that contains all of the thoughts, perceptions, and experiences available to the conscious, and all the repressed memories, wishes, and impulses |
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| Most Innaccesible layer of the unconscious, which contains the universal experiences of human kind |
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| Predominant force of person is not sexual, but desire to overcome feelings of inferiority motivates most human behavious |
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| Feelings of inferiorty prevent personal development |
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| Exxagerated self-importance assumed to mask inferior feelings |
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| People have a natural tendancy towards growth and the realization of their fullest potential |
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| Answers lie in our upbringing |
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| Conditions on which the positive regard of others rest |
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| Unconditional Positive Regard |
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| Unqualified caring and nonjudgemental acceptance of others |
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| Emphasis on individual achievement |
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| Focus on membership in group |
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| Person's perception of our ability to complete tast competently |
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| Internal: Person controls life, External: Things happen to person that causes events in life |
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| Most extensively researched and widely used personality test, used to screen for and diagnose psychiatric problems and disorders |
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Definition
| A personality test in which people project inner thoughts, feelings, and conflicts onto abstract materials |
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| 10 inkblots the test taker is asked to describe- used to assess personality, make differential diagnosis, plan and evaluate treatment, and predict behaviour |
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Definition
| Mental processes and/or behaviours that cause amotional distress and/or substantial impairment in functioning |
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| Criteria for Maladaptive Behaviour |
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| -Strange within own culture -Unusual among peer group -Causes person distress -Danger to self or others -Person not legally responsible for actions |
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| System for diagnosing and classifying psychological disorders |
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| Psychological disorders characterized by frequent fearful thoughts about what might happen in the future |
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| An episode of overwhelming anxiety, fear, or terror |
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| Fear of being in a situation in which escape is not possible/ help would not be available if one experienced overwhelming anxiety/a panic attack |
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| Anxiety disorder where a person experiences recurring and unpredictable panic attacks |
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| Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
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Definition
| Person experiences chronic anxiety/worry for six months or more |
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| Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) |
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Definition
| An irrational fear and avoidance of any social or performance situation in which one might embarras/humiliate oneself in front of others by appearing clumsy, foolish, etc |
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| A marked fear of a specific object or situation: label for any phobia other than social/agoraphobia |
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| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
| Anxiety disorder in which a person has recurring obsessions and/or compulsions |
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Definition
Persistent, involuntary thought, image, or impulse that invades consciousness and causes great distress
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| Persistent, irresistable, and irrational urge to perform an act or ritaul repeatadly |
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| Mood disorder in which manic episodes alternate with periods of depression, usually with relatively normal periods in between |
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| Excessive euphoria, inflated self-esteem, wild optimism, hypeactivity, accompanied with delusions of grandeur and hostility if activity is blocked |
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| Men: More successes/ Women: more attempts |
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| Loss od contact with reality |
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| Loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions, some disturbance in thinking, social withdrawl, etc |
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| False belief, not generally shared by others in culture |
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| Inability to maintain train of thought |
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| Somatic Symtopm Disorders |
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Definition
| Physical symptoms are due to psychological causes rather than any known medical conditions |
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Definition
| Loss or motor or sensory funstions in some part of the body no physical cause but serves some phsychological problem |
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Definition
| Under unbearable stress, consciousness becomes dissasociated from person's identity and/or memories |
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| 1)Personal information/memories 2)Complete loss of identity/memories, may assume new identity 3)Two or more distinct/unique personalities |
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| Sexual urges toward nonhuman, children, or otherwise nonconsenting persons, or suffering/humiliation of that person/their partner |
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| Long standing inflexible maladaptive pattern of behaving and relating to others, usually begins in early childhood or adolscence |
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| Attemts to uncover repressed childhood experiences that are thought to explain patient's current difficulties |
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| Patients reveal whatever thoughts, images, or feelings that come to mind |
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| Fritz Perls- Emphasizes the importance of client fullly experiencing present moment/ feeling etc and taking responsibility for them |
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Definition
| Several clients meet regularly with one or more therapists |
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| Group of people who share a common problem and meet to give and recieve support |
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| Rewards appropriate behaviour w/tokens that can be later exchanged for goods/priveledges |
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Definition
| Witholding all reinforcers for a certain period of time |
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Definition
| Exposing client to object or asking them to imagine it vividly until anxiety decreases |
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| Systematic Desensitization |
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Definition
| Deep muscle relaxation and then a graduated series of anxiety producing situations until they can remain relaxed during more feared situation |
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| Exposure and Response Prevention |
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Definition
| Used to treat patients with OCD- exposed to stimuli- resist performing ritual for extended periods of time |
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Definition
| Stops unwanted behaviour by pairing it with uncomfortable or painful sensation |
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Definition
| Given to alchoholics to produce nausea |
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Definition
| Assumes maladptive behaviour can result from irrational thoughts, beliefs, and ideas |
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Definition
| Replace cognitive errors as they occur and replace them with more objective thoughts |
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Definition
| Bi-Polar disorder- used to treat both mania and depression |
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| Electric current passed through right hemisphere of patient- used for patients with thoughts of suicide |
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Definition
| Brain surgery performed to alleviate serious psychological disorders or unbearable chronic pain |
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Definition
| Less expensve, people are less inhibited, can keep accurate records of conversations. Downfalls: hard to prove identity of therapist |
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| Doctoral degree is psychology |
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| Medical health professional who is a liscensed physician |
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