Term
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Definition
| disorders associated with impaired social, interpersonal and occupational adjustment |
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Term
| five main differences of personality in individuals |
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Definition
| 1.introversion/extroversion; 2.agreeableness; 3.conscientiousness; 4.neuroticism; 5.openness to experience |
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Term
| DSM criteria for personality disorders |
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Definition
| an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs markedly from the societal norm; this pattern is manifest in two or more of the following areas: 1. cognition; 2. affectivity; 3. interpersonal functioning; 4. impulse control |
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Term
| cluster A personality disorders |
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Definition
| the "eccentric" disorders; follow pervasive pattern of abnormal cognition, self-expression, or relating to others; include: paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal |
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Term
| cluster B personality disorders |
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Definition
| the "dramatic" disorders; follow pervasive pattern of violating social norms, impulsivity, excessive emotionality, grandiosity, "acting out," and violating the rights of others; include: borderline, antisocial, histrionic and narcissitic |
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Term
| cluster C personality disorders |
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Definition
| the "anxious" disorders; follow pervasive pattern of abnormal fears involving social relationships, separation and need for control; include: avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive |
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Term
| cluster A personality disorder that may develop into paranoid psychosis; men>women; linked to both genetics and early childhood deprivation or abuse; treatment includes supportive psychotherapy and antipsychotic medication |
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Definition
| paranoid personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster A personality disorder in which the patient does not directly experience or acknowledge a wish for closeness; unrelated to development of schizophrenia; treatment includes a variety of psychotherapies |
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Definition
| schizoid personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster A personality disorder defined by restricted interpersonal or social interaction, as well as cognitive distortions and eccentric behavior; treatment includes a variety of therapies and possibly low-dose anti-psychotics |
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Definition
| schizotypal personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster B personality disorder defined by chronic instability in affect; treatment includes dielectic behavioral therapy and pharmaceuticals |
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Definition
| borderline personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster B personality disorder defined by antisocial behavior; higher in lower socioeconomic groups; possibly linked to maternal deprivation in first five years of life; tend to develop hypochondriacal and depressive disorders; treatment includes peer group therapy |
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Definition
| antisocial personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster B personality disorder in which the individual is uncomfortable in situations in which they are not the center of attention, interaction is characterized by sexually seductive behaviour, and interpersonal relations are shallow; treatment includes psychoanalysis |
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Definition
| histrionic personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster B personality disorder defined by a grandiose sense of self-importance, requirement of excessive admiration, and a lacking of empathy; possible cause includes repeated and intense injuries to self-esteem in childhood; treatment includes psychotherapy |
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Definition
| narcissistic personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster C personality disorder defined by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation; treatment includes a variety of therapy modalities and antidepressant and antianxiety medication |
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Definition
| avoidant personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster C personality disorder defined by an excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive behavior and fear of seperation; treatment includes both individual, group, couples and family therapy |
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Definition
| dependent personality disorder |
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Term
| cluster C personality disorder defined by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control; treatment includes therapy and analysis; differentiate from OCD by lack of intrusive thoughts and compulsive behavior |
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Definition
| obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
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Term
| affective vs. personality disorders |
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Definition
| the non-cognitive mental life of an individual vs. the cognitive mental life |
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Term
| list of affective disorders |
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Definition
| mood disorders, depressive illness, manic-depressive illness, bipolar illness, unipolar illness |
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Term
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Definition
| no psychotic symptoms or impairment of psychosocial functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| depressive illness without incidents of mania |
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Term
| suicide rate in individuals with affective disorders |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| illness defined by features of both mania/hypomania and depression concurrently |
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Term
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Definition
| bipolar I: episodes of mania with or without depression; bipolar II: episodes of hypomania with depression |
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Term
| natural history of bipolar illness |
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Definition
| onset at 19; first episode tending toward mania in males, depression in females; without treatment 9-10 episodes in lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| a model for understanding affective disorders; early episodes provoked by environmental stimuli, eventually episodes occur spontaneously |
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Term
| decreased in age of onset in bipolar illness, with increased severity in subsequent generations |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment options for major depression |
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Definition
| SSRIs; tricyclics; MAOIs; wellbutrin; trazadone; lithium; psychotherapy |
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Term
| treatment options for bipolar illness |
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Definition
| lithium; valproic acid; carbemazepine; lamotrigine; cautious use of antidepressants for protracted episodes of depression for fear of mania, hypomania, mixed states and rapid cycling; antipsychotics; benzodiazepenes; supportive psychotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
| a delusion that the individual is being acted upon |
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Term
| components of the mental status examination |
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Definition
| general; speech; mood; hallucinations; delusions; obsessions; compulsions; phobias; orientation; attention; recall; fund of knowledge; abstraction; social judgement; insight |
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Term
| behavioral cycle characterized by loss of control, compulsive use, persistent drug-seeking at the expense of normal rewards, and development of a negative affective state |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ levels increase in response to an addictive que, and it is the __ receptors that are decreased in withdrawal and play a role in drug-craving |
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Definition
| Dopamine levels increase in response to an addictive que, and it is the D2 receptors that are decreased in withdrawal and play a role in drug-craving |
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Term
| which receptor is implicated in multiple substance addictions, and receives glutamate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a protein synthesized in response to increased dopamine release from the VTA, which reduces dopamine release from the VTA; this is the process that causes to drug tolerance |
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Term
| a facilitative style of interviewing designed to promote healthy behaviour change that is humanistic and non-confrontational |
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Definition
| motivational interviewing |
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Term
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Definition
| precontemplation; contemplation; determination; action; maintenance; extinction; (relapse) |
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Term
| "FRAMES" model of motivational interviewing |
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Definition
| F-feedback; R-responsibility; A-advice; M-menu; E-empathy; S-self-efficacy |
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Term
| proposed theory of chronic hyperventilation resulting in hypocapnia and alkalosis-decreased cerebral blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
| biological model of this disorder includes hyperreactivity of the locus coeruleus, dysregulated serotonergic modulation, decreased GABA-BZD receptor complex binding, hypersensitive brain stem CO2 receptors, hypersensitive conditioned-fear network in amygdala, moderate genetic component |
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Definition
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Term
| primary physical etiologic possibilities in panic disorder differential |
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Definition
| mitral valve prolapse and pheochromocytoma |
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Term
| an anxiety disorder for which an autoimmune streptococcal-related component is indicated |
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Definition
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Term
| an anxiety disorder in which a proposed biologic model includes limbic hypersensitivity and cortical hyposensitivity to traumatic stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an inability to identify emotions |
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Term
| only anxiety disorder with alternate neurocircuit route (hyperactive orbito-frontal-limbic-basal ganglia-thalamic circuitry vs. amygdala circuitry) |
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Definition
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Term
| depressive symptoms as "sig e caps" |
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Definition
| insomnia or hypersomnia; interests greatly diminished; guilt or hopelessness; energy markedly decreased; concentration impaired; appetite greatly reduced; psychomotor depression or agitation; suicidal thoughts, attempts, and/or ruminations |
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Term
| disorder diagnosed by the presence of four pain symptoms (two GI symptoms, one sexual, and one pseudoneurological); prevalence 20 times more likely in women; 10% of primary care patients |
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Definition
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Term
| proposed mechanism of delirium |
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Definition
| not fully understood, although one explanation postulates that the BBB is compromised, allowing penetration of cytokines and the induction of the inflammatory response |
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Term
| hallmark of delirium syndrome |
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Definition
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