Term
| Behavior Change Interventions |
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Definition
- All change is self-change
- Self-efficacy is critical
- Knowledge does not equal change
- A therapeutic alliance helps patients initiate and maintain change
- Hope is essential
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Term
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Definition
| readiness to change is tied to a person's motivation |
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Term
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Definition
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Termination
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Term
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Definition
| patient does not think he or she has a problem; thus they are not likely to seek help or participate in treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| Notion of "yes, but"; often recognizes that a change is needed, but unsure and indecisive about whether it is worth the time, effort, and energy to achieve it |
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Definition
| Has made a decision to change and is assessing how that decision feels |
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Definition
| now has a firm commitment to change and has identified a plan for future |
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Term
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Definition
| Change continues and focus is placed on what the patient needs to do to maintain or consolidate gains; relapses should be seen as part of the change process and not as a failure |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on notion that one will not engage in old behavior under any circumstances; may be more of an ideal than an achievable stage |
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Term
| Motivation to change is an ____ process |
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Definition
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Term
| Motivational interviewing |
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Definition
| a patient-centered, directive counseling method for enhancing a person's internal motivation to change by identifying, exploring, and resolving ambivalence |
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Term
| 4 Key elements of motivational interviewing |
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Definition
- Express empathy
- Identify discrepancy
- Roll with resistance
- Support self-efficacy
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Term
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Definition
| any observable, recordable, and measurable act, movement, or response; must be accurately described before it can be measured; not subject to interpretation |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which involuntary behavior is learned; Pavlov |
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Term
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Definition
| Concerned with the relationship btw voluntary behavior and the environment; behaviors are influenced by their consequences and operant behaviors are cued by environmental stimuli; B.F. Skinner |
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Term
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Definition
| those that are influenced by the consequences of an action, and they are regarded as a more complex form of learning |
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Term
| Difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning |
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Definition
| Operant conditioning is strengthened rather than weakened by inconsistent pairings of behaviors and consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on assumption that a high-frequency, preferred activity can be used to reinforce a low-frequency, nonpreferred activity |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that increases frequency of a behavior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforces the power of the behavior to control an aversive, rather than rewarding, stimulus; it removes or subtracts something from the environment, resulting in an increase in the desired behavior |
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Term
| 3 techniques used to reduce frequency of behavior |
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Definition
- Punishment
- Response cost
- Extinction
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Term
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Definition
| an aversive stimulus that occurs after the behavior and decreases its future occurrence |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreases behavior through experience of a loss or penalty following a behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of eliminating a behavior by ignoring it or not rewarding it |
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Term
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Definition
| draws conclusions about a wide variety of things on the basis of a single event |
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Term
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Definition
| Relates external events to oneself when it is not justified |
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Definition
| Thinking in extremes-that things are either all good or all bad |
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Definition
| thinking the worst about people and events |
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Definition
| Focusing on details but not on other relevant information |
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Term
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Definition
| Drawing a negative conclusion without supporting evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| Believing that one knows the thoughts of another without validation |
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Term
| Magnification/minimization |
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Definition
| Exaggerating or trivializing the importance of events |
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Term
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Definition
| Needing to do everything perfectly to feel good about oneself |
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Term
| Externalization of self-worth |
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Definition
| Determining one's value based on the approval of others |
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Term
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Definition
| the act or process of knowing |
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Term
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Definition
| proposes that it is not the events themselves that cause anxiety and maladaptive responses but rather people's expectations, appraisals, and interpretations of these events |
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Term
| Cognitive therapists believe that maladaptive responses arise from ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Cognitive behavioral Therapy |
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Definition
| Views the individual as primary decision maker regarding goals and issues to e dealt with during treatment; problem focused, goal oriented, and deals with here-and-now issues |
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Term
| Goal of cognitive behavioral therapy |
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Definition
| To change irrational beliefs, faulty reasoning, and negative self-statements that underlie behavioral problems |
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Term
| Characteristics of Cognitive Therapy |
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Definition
- Empirically Based
- Goal Oriented
- Practical
- Collaborative
- Open
- Homework
- Measurements
- Active
- Short term
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Term
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Definition
- Antecedent
- Behavior
- Consequence
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Term
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Definition
| the stimulus or cue that occurs before the behavior and leads to its manifestation |
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Term
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Definition
| What the person does or does not say or do |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of effect the person thinks results from the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
- Affective
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
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Term
| The most heavily researched form of psychotherapy and has a strong evidence base to support its efficacy in the treatment of a wide variety of clinical problems |
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Definition
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
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Term
| Aim of cognitive behavioral treatment strategies |
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Definition
- Increase activity
- Reduce unwanted behavior
- Increase pleasure
- enhance social skills
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle tension is related to anxiety. If tense muscles can be made to relax, anxiety will be reduced |
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Term
| All relaxation procedures involve: |
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Definition
- rhythmic breathing
- reduced muscle tension
- altered state of consciousness
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Term
| Systematic relaxation training |
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Definition
| involves tensing and relaxing voluntary muscles in an orderly sequence until the body, as a whole, is relaxed |
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Term
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Definition
- quite environment
- passive attitude
- comfortable position
- word or scene to focus on
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which the patient selects a cue word or scene with pleasant connotations |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of a machine to reduce anxiety and modify behavioral responses; pleasant sights and sounds stop when patient stops relaxing, and they resume when patient again achieves relaxed state |
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Term
| Systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| helps patient change the response to a threatening stimulus by combining deep muscle relaxation with imagined scenes of situations that cause anxiety |
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Term
| In vitro/imagined, desensitization |
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Definition
| patient proceeds with imagined pairing of hierarchy items with the relaxed state, progressing from least anxiety-provoking item to most anxiety-provoking item |
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Term
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Definition
| exposes patient to real-life situations rather than imagined |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of choice for simple and social phobias and for OCD |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique used to desensitize a patient to catastrophic interpretations of internal body cues by asking patient to do things that cause symptoms in a gradually increasing, repetitive manner in order to become desensitized to these cues |
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Term
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Definition
| form of exposure therapy in which patient is immediately exposed to most anxiety-provoking stimulus instead of being exposed gradually or systematically to a hierarchy of feared stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| form of exposure therapy in which the technique uses an imaginary event instead of a real-life event (flooding) |
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Term
| Vestibular desensitization |
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Definition
| training is an exposure therapy for patients whose panic attacks are provoked by environmental cues that cause them to have symptoms of motion sickness |
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Term
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Definition
| patient is encouraged to face particular fear or stimulation without engaging in accompanying behavior; leads to anxiety reduction because feared consequence does not occur |
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Term
| Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) |
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Definition
| Principle behind treatment is that brain lays down biological memory tracks during early traumatic experiences; memory tracks are provoked later during seemingly unrelated events, causing anxiety and perhaps depression |
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Term
| Steps of cognitive restructuring |
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Definition
- monitor thoughts and feelings (daily record of dysfunctional thoughts form)
- questioning evidence
- examin alternatives
- Decatastrophizing
- Reframing
- Thought stopping
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Term
| Decatastrophizing ("what if" technique) |
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Definition
| helps patient to see that consequences of life's actions are generally not "all or nothing" and thus are less catastrophic |
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Term
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Definition
| strategy that changes a patient's perception of a situation or behavior; involves focusing on other aspects of problem or encouraging patient to see issue from different perspective |
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Term
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Definition
| strategy used to form new behavior patterns, increase existing skills, or reduce avoidance behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Induces new behaviors by reinforcing those that approximate desired behavior |
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Term
| Process of learning new behaviors |
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Definition
- Modeling
- Shaping
- Token Economy
- Role Playing
- Social skills Training
- Aversion Therapy
- Contingency Contracting
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Term
| 3 basic roles of nurse involved in cognitive behavioral therapy |
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Definition
- Providing direct patient care
- Planning treatment programs
- Teaching others use of cognitive behavioral techniques
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Term
| Principles of social skills training |
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Definition
- Guidance
- Demonstration
- Practice
- Feedback
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Term
| 4 strategies of social skills treatment |
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Definition
- Describing new behavior to be learned
- Learning new behavior through use of guidance and demonstration
- Practicing new behavior with feedback
- Transferring new behavior to natural environment
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Term
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Definition
| applies an aversive or noxious stimulus when a maladaptive behavior occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| an aversive technique in which patients imagine scenes that pair undesired behavior with an unpleasant consequence |
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Term
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Definition
| involves a formal contract between patient and therapist, defining what behaviors are to be changes and what consequences (+ and -) follow performance of these behaviors |
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