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Definition
| type of decisino making process that occurs at unconcious or automatic level and is entirely effortless and unintential |
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Definition
| mental shortcuts that are often used to form judgements and make decisions |
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| controlled or effortful thinking |
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| thinking that is effortful, conscious and intentional |
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Definition
| how people think about social world, and in particiluar how people select, interpret, and use info to make judgements about world |
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| list the 6 mental short cuts people use |
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Definition
intution
availability
representitaveiness
base-rate fallacy
anchoring and adjustment
counterfactula thinking/stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| decisino making short cut in which we rely on our instinct instead of relying on more object information |
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| mental shortcut in which people make judgemnt based on how easily they can bring something to mind |
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Term
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Definition
| mental strcutures that organize our knowedge about the world and influnce how we interpret people and events |
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| beliefs about other people, their traits, and goasl |
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| our memory, inferences, and information about ourselves |
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Definition
| behaviours that are expected of people in particular occuptions or soical postision |
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| scripts that people have for well-known situations which help them prepare for the expected sequnce of events |
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Definition
| rules about processing information |
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| increase accessiblity to a given concept or schema due to a prior experience |
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| schemas fall under what cateogory of mental shortcuts? |
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Definition
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Term
| what were the three specific forms of availability discuessed? |
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Definition
impact of past expereinces (shcemas)
role of uncsouis priming
information avialable |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to precive someone or something based on its similiary to a typical case |
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Term
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Definition
| error in which people ignore the numerical frequency, or base rate of an event in estimating how liekly it is to occur |
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Term
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Definition
| mental shortcut in whic people rely on an inital starting point in making an estimate but then fail to adequatly adjust from this anchor |
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Definition
tendency to imagine alternative outcomes to various events
amount of delight or regret you feel depends on how easily you can imagine a diff outcome.
ie soliders in isaral can't switch shifts because they'd feel too guilty if mate got killed during thier shift |
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Term
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Definition
| relavtive diffrence in intesntiy between two stimuli and their effect on each other |
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Term
| what are the two types of information presentation discussed? |
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Definition
| contrast effect and framing |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to be influenced by way an issue is presented |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which memories of given event are altered after event occured |
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Term
| implicit personality theory |
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Definition
| theory that certain traits and behaviours go together |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for information that is presented early to have a greater impact on judgemnets than information that is presented later |
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Term
| are first impressions accurate? |
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Definition
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Definition
| tendency for peopel to be more influnced by negative traits than by postive ones |
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Term
| are those in a postive mood or a nuetral mood more liekly to rely on shortcuts in thinking? |
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Definition
| those in a good mood. but these people were more likely to htink pos. about others. |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for people to see things in line with their own belifs and preconceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| tendecny to se correlation between two events when in reality, there is no association between them. |
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Definition
| tendecny for people to see themselves as less likely than others to suffer bad events in future |
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Definition
unrealistic postive view of self.
- good mental health |
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Term
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Definition
tendency of people to see a given outcome as havign been inevitable once they know the actual outcome.
- good mental health |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to maintain, and strengthen, beliefs in face of disconfirming evidence |
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Term
| behavioural confirmation/self fullfilling profecy |
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Definition
| people's expectations about a person led them to eleciti behaviour that confirms those expectations |
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Term
| four steps of self-fullfiling prophecy |
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Definition
1. have expectation about targt person
2. behave toward target person in line with your epecations about his or her personaility
3. target person responses in line with your behaviour towrad him or her
4. you see targets behaviour as confirming your expectations, which in turn leads you to believe that your expectations were correct. |
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Term
| how can cycle of self-fullfilling prophecy be broken? |
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Definition
1. percievers goal to be liked by target person
2. target aware of perceiver's excpectations
3. perceivers assumptions are highly inaccurate and target therefore doesn't act in expected way |
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Term
| is unrealistic optimsim seen in the same amount in collect and individ cultures? |
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Definition
| no. not seen as much in collect cultures. |
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Term
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Definition
| having more difficultuy in idenityfing an embeded figure in a larer background but greater ability to percive an image as one holisitc figure. |
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Term
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Definition
| having ability to idenitfy an embeeded figure and sepearte it from larger background |
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