Term
| What part of the brain does substance dependance a disorder of? |
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Definition
| specifically the GABA system in the brain |
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Term
| In the MCDA trial, what were the top three drugs that were most harmful? |
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Definition
1st - Alcohol (72pts)
2nd - Heroin (55pts)
3rd - Crack (54pts) |
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Term
| Based on the MCDA study, which drugs were most harmful to the individual? |
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Definition
| Heroin, crack, and crystal meth |
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Term
| Based on the MCDA study, which drugs were most harmful to others? |
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Definition
| Alcohol, heroin, and crack |
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Term
| What does MCDA stand for? What are its aims? |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of adults currently drink alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of adults are lifetime abstainers from alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who are more likely to become alcoholics, men or women? |
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Definition
| Men are 2- 4 times more likely than women to become alcoholics |
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Term
| What are a commonality between 40% of trauma pts? |
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Definition
| 40% of trauma patients have a blood alcohol level ≥ 100mg/dL |
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Term
| How many adults in the US have an alcohol use problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is at-risk drinking defined? |
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Definition
| by the amount & frequency of drinking |
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Term
| What is at-risk drinking in men defined as? |
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Definition
| More than 14 drinks* a week or 4 drinks per occasion for men |
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Term
| What is at-risk drinking in women defined as? |
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Definition
| More than 7 drinks a week or 3 drinks per occasion for women |
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Term
| What is the definition of alcohol abuse? |
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Definition
| Drinking that prevents the person from fulfilling their obligations, puts the person in dangerous situations and results in legal, social or interpersonal problems |
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Term
| What are the signs of alcohol dependance? |
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Definition
> 3 of the following:
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal Sx
- Drink more than intended
- Want to reduce amt but unsuccessful
- Spend alot of time getting or drinking alcohol
- Missed important events or activities
- Continue to drink despite the problems its causing |
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Term
| How does the disulfiram tx of alcohol work? |
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Definition
| inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in the accumulation of acetaldehyde and the associated symptoms make the drinking episode a very aversive one |
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Term
| Where is most alcohol metabolized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the alcohol elimination rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the ADH2*3 allele cause? Who is most likely to have this gene? |
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Definition
| increased alcohol metabolic rate; found in 15% of Black Americans |
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Term
| What does the ALDH2*2 allele cause? Who is most likely to have this gene? |
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Definition
| Makes alcohol use very unpleasant, ^ in characteristic flushing response to alcohol, along with nausea, headache and other unpleasant experiences; found in 50% of Asians |
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Term
| What is the term describing the phenomenon of decreased effect with prolonged exposure to a drug? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term means a substance whose pharmacological effects drive the user to continue to use it? What substance is a prime example of this? |
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Definition
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Term
| What med decreases the craving for alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
| What med is an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, and when taken with alcohol results in the build-up of acetaldehyde? |
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Definition
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Term
| What med is used primarily in the treatment of the hyperexcitability, including convulsions and hallucinations, during withdrawal? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many alcoholics have psych dz? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 psych d/o have an increased relationship with alcohol abuse? |
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Definition
| Schizos, manic depressive d/o |
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Term
| What are the CAGE questions? How many yes answers are significant? |
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Definition
Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?
Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?
Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover (eye-opener)?
One “yes” = no apparent problem
Two or more = Clinically significant; should be addressed by PA or MD |
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Term
| What are the TWEAK questions designed for? |
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Definition
| designed to screen pregos for drinking probs |
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Term
| What are the sx of alcohol withdrawal? |
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Definition
sweating or tachycardia
Hand Tremor
Insomnia
N/V
Agitation
Anxiety
Seizures |
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Term
| When do the first sx of alcohol withdrawal occur? |
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Definition
| 6-8 hours after the last ingestion |
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Term
| When does delerium tremens set it? |
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Definition
| 72 hours to 7-10 days after cessation |
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Term
| What are the sx of delerium tremens? |
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Definition
| confusion, diarrhea, disorientation & agitation & other signs of severe autonomic instability (fever, tachycardia, HTN) |
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Term
| What is the normal range for Gamma-glutamyltransferase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal range for Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the lab tests for identifying heavy drinking, what is the best diagnostic combo? |
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Definition
| CDT + GGTP best diagnostic combination |
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Term
| Which benzo tx for alcohol wthdrawal s safer in the elderly and those with liver dz? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Dom abuse that includes physical violence called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs when 1 person in an intimate relationship/marriage tries to dominate/control other person? |
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Definition
| Domestic abuse, aka spousal abuse, |
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Term
| What is the purpose of dom abuse/violence? |
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Definition
| used for one purpose: to gain and maintain total control |
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Term
| What are the EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM EMOTIONAL & VERBAL ABUSE ON THE VICTIM? |
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Definition
Isolation from others –
Feelings of low self-worth –
Depression or other emotional problems –
Illness -
Increased alcohol or drug use –
W/drawal from “real” life |
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Term
| Any situation in which one is forced to participate in unwanted, unsafe, or degrading sexual activity is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are People whose partners abuse them physically and sexually at a higher risk of? |
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Definition
| being seriously injured or killed |
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Term
| What is the cycle of abuse? |
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Definition
| Abuse - Guilt - Excuses - "Normal" Behavior - Fantasy & Planning - Set-up |
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Term
| What stage of the abuse cycle is described as partner lashes out with aggressive, belittling, or violent behavior, a power play designed to show "who is boss."? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of the abuse cycle is described as after abusing you, partner feels bad, but not over what they've done, but more worried about possibility of being caught & facing consequences for abusive behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of the abuse cycle is described as the abuser rationalizes what they have done? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of the abuse cycle is described as the abuser doing everything to regain control & keep the victim in the relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of the abuse cycle is described as the abuser beginning to fantasize about abusing the victim again in which they spends a lot of time thinking about what the victim has done wrong & how they should make you pay? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of the abuse cycle is described as abuser setting the victim up & putting the plan in motion, by creating a situation where they can justify abusing the victim? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the general warning signs of domestic abuse? |
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Definition
Blame =
Self-Blame by the victim or the Batterer Blaming others for everything
Passive/Aggressive Behavior by the abuser
Fear or Anxiety
Frequent unexplained injuries
Isolation from others except the abuser
Low self-esteem or self-worth
Kids may show aggressive or care-taking behavior |
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Term
| If you suspect spousal abuse, should you wait for the victim to approach you for help? |
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Definition
| No, you should approach the victim |
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Term
| Which one is more detrimental, emotional or physical abuse? |
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Definition
| Both are equally as detrimental! |
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