Term
| Stages of Prenatal Development |
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Definition
| Germinal Period, Embryonic, and Fetal Period |
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Term
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Definition
| 0-2 weeks, period of prenatal development from conception to implantation of fertilized egg in wal of uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-8 weeks, heartbeat begins; recognizable body parts appear; sexual differentiation begins |
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Term
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Definition
| 9th week to birth; last 3 months, rapid growth of body and brain |
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Term
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Definition
| environmental agents such as disease organisms or drugs that can potentailly damage the developing embryo or fetus |
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Term
| morning sickness theories |
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Definition
| it is believed that morning sickness is a defense agaisnt teratogens |
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Term
| critical period of development |
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Definition
| first 8 weeks when fetus or embryo is most succeptible to damage |
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Term
| factors causing female reproductive system to develop |
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Definition
| high levels of estrogen in the body lead to external changes such as breast development and broadening hips and eventually the beginning menarche |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones that cause boys to mature sexually. |
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Term
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Definition
| first menstrual flow, occurs around age 12 or 13 |
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Term
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Definition
| most babys crawl, stand, and walk at roughly same ages |
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Term
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Definition
| a research design in which the same people are studied or tested repeatedly over time |
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Term
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Definition
| a research design in which people of different ages are compared at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| the decline in responsiveness to a stimulus that is repeatedly presented |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones released by endocrine system give us growth spurt and puberty |
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Term
| babies possess three characteristics |
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Definition
| they show preferences, novelty, and they learn |
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Term
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Definition
| developed by Fantz-infant presented with two displays and the researcher records how long the baby looks at each, showing preference |
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Term
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Definition
| showing blue card, seeing how it responds, it gets used to it, then show same card different color to see if it can differentiate |
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Term
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Definition
| teaching babies to learn to kick legs when mobile is there shows they have learned to stimulate the mobile with their legs |
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Term
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Definition
| the process through which we fit, or assimilate, new experiences into existing schemate |
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Term
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Definition
| the process through which we change or modify existing schematat to accommodate new experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| mental models of the world that we sue to guide and interpet our experiences |
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Term
| cognitive development is guided by what two adaptive physchological processes |
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Definition
| assimilation and accommodation |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget's first stage of cognitive development, lasting from birthy to about 2 years of age; schemata revolve around sensory and motor abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to recognize that objects still exist when they're no longer in sight |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, lasting from ages 2 to about 7; children begin to think symbolically but often lack the ability to perform mental operations such as conservation |
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Term
| Principle of Conseravation |
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Definition
| the ability to recognize that physical properties of an object remian the same despite superficial changes in teh objects appearance |
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Term
| Concrete operational period |
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Definition
| Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, lasting from ages 7 to 11. Children acquire the capacity to perform a number ofm ental operations but still lack the ability for the abstract reasoning |
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Term
| Formal operational period |
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Definition
| Piaget's last stage of cognitive development; thought processes become adult-like, and people gain mastery over abstract thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| strong emotional ties formed to one or more intimate companions |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree of warm physical contact |
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Term
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Definition
| a childs general level of emotional reactivity |
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Term
| Temperaments: easy, difficult, inhibited, uninhibited |
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Definition
| happy, trouble maintaing good mood, shy or fearful, show little negative reaction to unfamiliar. |
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Term
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Definition
| gradually subjecting a child to stressful situation and observing his or her behavior toward the parent or caregiver. This test is used to classify children according to type of attachment-secure, resistant, avoidant, or disorganized/disoriented. |
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Term
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Definition
| with parent in room the child plays, when parent leaves it crys |
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Term
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Definition
| these children lack trust for parent and refuse to leave mothers side to play. when left they cry and when mother comes back they dont greet her with affection |
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Term
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Definition
| these children show no attachment to mother. not bothered by strangers, no concern when mother leaves. parents of these kids tend to be unresponsive to kid |
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Term
| disorganized/disoriented attachment |
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Definition
| these children react to strange situation test with inconsistent responses |
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Term
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Definition
| a sense of who one is as an individual and how well one measures up agaisnt peers |
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Term
Infancy and Childhood
Trust vs. Mistrust |
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Definition
| developing a sense of trust in others; will the people around me fulfill my needs |
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Term
infancy childhood
Autonomy vs. shame or doubt (terrible twos) |
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Definition
| developing a sense of self-control; am I in charge of my own actions? |
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Term
Infancy Childhood
Initiative vs. Guilt |
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Definition
| Developing a sense of one's own drive and initiative: Can i carry out plans? Should I feel guilty for trying to carry out my own plans |
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Term
| Industry vs. role confusion |
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Definition
| developing a sense of personal ability and competence: can i learn and develop new skills |
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Term
Identity vs. role confusion
(adolescence) |
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Definition
| developing a single, unified concept of self, a sense of personal identity: who am i |
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Term
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Definition
| questioning the meaning of our relationships with others, or will my personal insecurities lead to isolation? |
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Term
| Generativity vs. stagnation |
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Definition
| concern over whether one has contributed to the success of children and future generations; have i contributed to the community at large? |
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Term
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Definition
| acceptance of one's life-successes and failures: Am I content looking back on my life? |
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Term
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Definition
| discrimination or prejudice agaisnt an individual based on physical age. |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal processes used to set priorities for mental functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to focus on one auditory message and ignore others; also refers to the tendency to notice when your name suddenly appears in a message that you've been actively ignoring |
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Term
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Definition
| different auditory messages are presented separately and simultaneously to each ear. the subjects task is to repeat aloud one message while ignoring the other. |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to the right parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex can produce an odd and complex disorder of attention |
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Term
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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Definition
| a psychological disorder marked by difficulties in concentrating or in sustaining attention for extended periods; can be associated with hyperactivity |
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Term
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Definition
| fast and effortless processing that requires little or no focused attention |
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Term
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Definition
| biological activities that rise and fall in accordance with a 24 hour cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sleep spindles, K complexes |
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Term
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Definition
| the pattern of brain activity observed in stage 3 and 4 sleep; it's characterized by synchronized slow waves. also called slow-wave sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of sleep characterized by rapied e movements and low amplitude, irregular EEG patterns resembling those found in the waking brain. REM is typically associated with dreaming. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal disturbances that occur during sleep. nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that affect behavior and mental processes through alterations of conscious awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| an adaptation made by the body to compensate for the continued use of a drug, such that increasing amounts of the drug are needed to produce the same physical and behavioral effects |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which on experiences a physical or psychological need for continued use of a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of drugs that increase central nervous system activity enhacning nueral transmission- caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA |
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Term
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Definition
| class of drugs that slows or depresses ongoing activity of central nervous system- Ethyl alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers |
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Term
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Definition
| Depresses CNS activity, reduces pain, and produces euphoria-opium, heroin, morphine |
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Term
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Definition
| class of drugs that disrupt normal mental functioning like altering reality/ distorting perception- LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, marijuana |
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