Term
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Definition
| Unique and relatively enduring (lasting) set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| Disposition to behavior consistently in a particular way |
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Term
The BIG FIVE Personality Theory:
O C E A N |
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Definition
Openness - O
Conscientiousness - C
Extraversion - E
Agreeableness - A
Neuroticism - N |
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Term
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Definition
| A clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; assumes that the unconscious is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior. |
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Term
| Different levels of consciousness |
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Definition
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious |
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Term
| According to Freud, the function of dreams |
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Definition
| the best way to understand a person's unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
- ID: INSTANT GRATIFICATION-Freud's term for seat of impulse and desire; pleasure seeking part of our personality.
- EGO: the sense of self; the part of the mind that operates on the "reality principle"
- SUPEREGO: MORAL COMPONENT OF PERSONALITY -the part of the mind that monitors behavior and evaluates it in terms of right and wrong; the conscience |
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Term
| Different defense mechanisms- |
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Definition
Unconscious mental process used by the ego to reduce anxiety:
-Repression
-Displacement
-Sublimation
-Rationalization
-Projection
-Reaction Formation
-Denial
-Undoing
-Regression |
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Term
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Definition
-Striving for superiority:
oInferiority complex
-Compensation
oBirth Order |
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Term
| Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of needs |
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Definition
| To strive to self-actualization - the tendency to strive to realize one's potential |
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Term
| Different dimensions of the BIG FIVE |
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Definition
Openness-how interested in new experiences
-Conscientiousness: how planned, organized
-Extraversion: how sociable
-Agreeableness: how friendly,good-natured
-Neuroticism: how anxious, tense |
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Term
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Definition
-Explaining differences in personality style:
1.Psychoanalysis
2.humanism
3.social-cognitive learning
4.trait theory
5.biological theory
4. |
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Term
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Definition
Personality is measured in four ways:
1. observing and coding behavior
2. interviewing
3. administering projective tests
4. administering structured personality questionnaires
4. |
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Term
| Different methods of the personality assessment (and the benefits of each) |
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Definition
1.Behavioral Observation: is direct and relatively objective; do not depend on people's view of themselves
2.Interviewing- is natural and comfortable
3. Projective tests:can identify consistent unconscious themes
4. Personality questionnaires: less expensive and less time needed |
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Term
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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Definition
| Participation looks at ambiguous picture cards and makes up a story of what she thinks is going on in the scene. A projective test-answers are scored based on themes, motives, anxieties of main character |
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Term
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Definition
| Interpret a series of black and white and colored inkblots (a projective test) |
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Term
| Difference between deviant and dysfunctional behavior |
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Definition
-Deviant: different from what most people do
-Distressing: leads to real discomfort
-Dysfunctional: interferes with everyday functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders used to make a diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Coexistence of two or more disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria listed in DSM to make a diagnosis;300 specific disorders listed; multidimensional diagnostic systme |
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Term
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Definition
| An intense fear of being in a situation from which escape is not possible or in which help would not be available if one experienced overwhelming anxiety of a panic attack |
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Term
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving the trauma, increased physiological arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| anxiety disorder marked by ongoing and irrational fear of a particular object, situation or activity |
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Term
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Definition
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, an anxiety disorder in both thought and behavior.
1.Obsession: an unwanted thought, word, phrase or image persistently comes into a person's mind causing distress.
2. Compulsion: a repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges.
Obsessions are thought disturbances; compulsions are repetitive behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| A mood disorders in which manic episodes alternate with periods of depression |
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Term
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Definition
| A mood disorder marked by feelings of great sadness, despair and hopelessness, and loss of ability to experience pleasure. |
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Term
| Classification of schizophrenia |
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Definition
-Paranoid schizophrenia
-Catatonic schizophrenia
-Undifferentiated schiz
-Disorganized schiz. |
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Term
| Positive vs. negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
-Positive symptoms: delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, disorganized speech, poor integration of perception.
-Negative symptoms: non-responsiveness, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, flattened affect |
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Term
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Definition
| -Complete or partial loss of ability to recall personal information or identify past experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Complete loss of memory of one's entire identity |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) |
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Definition
| Two or more distinct personalities occur in the same person |
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Term
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Definition
| -A long-standing inflexible maladaptive pattern of behaving and relating to others |
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Term
| Identify personality disorders |
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Definition
Cluster A - Odd behavior
Cluster B - Erratic, overly dramatic behavior
Cluster C-Anxious, fearful behavior |
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Term
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Definition
1.Pervasive Developmental Disorders- where children exhibit severe disturbances in social relationships
-Autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder
2.Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
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Term
| Social Psychologists Study |
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Definition
| Study of how living among others influences thought, feeling and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| -Phenomenon in which the presence of others improves one's performance |
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Term
| Diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| -Feeling among bystanders at an emergency that the responsibility for helping is shared by the group |
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Term
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Definition
| -Phenomenon in which the presence of others causes one to relax one's standards and slack off |
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Term
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Definition
| -Rules about acceptable behavior imposed by the cultural context in which one lives |
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Term
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Definition
| -Tendency of people to adjust their behavior to what others are doing or to adhere to the norms of their culture |
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Term
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Definition
-Groupthink
Occurs when the thinking of the group takes over (saying which of the 3 lines is same length of the standard) |
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Term
| Difference between participant and confederate |
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Definition
| Confederates were people who actually worked for the experimenter; this was not known by the real participants |
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Term
| What sparked all the studies on obedience? |
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Definition
| The research emerged in response to real-life concerns after World War II- the horrific events of the Holocaust raised questions about how an entire nation could go along with the extermination of millions of people. |
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Term
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Definition
| a kind of conformity in which a person yields to the will of another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| Investigated whether people would conform even when their actions might harm others. The "teachers" continued to administer shocks to the learners because the experimenter told them the experiment must continue in spite of the learners' protests. |
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