Term
|
Definition
| organ systems within the body (nervous, cardiac, musculoskeletal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the connection between two different variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sensor usually placed on the surface of the skin and linked to a physiological recording machine to measure physiological variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which electrical signals are sent from electrodes to a polygraph using radio waves instead of wires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that part of the PNS that connects to vital bodily structures associated with maintaining life and responding to emergencies. 2 divisions - sympathetic and parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| Electrodermal Activity (Skin Conductance) |
|
Definition
| electricity will flow across the skin with less resistance if that skin is made damp with sweat, way to measure changes in sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the increase in blood pressure and heart rate during times of stress, evidence suggests that chronic cardiac reactivity contributes to coronary artery disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| syndrome of several traits - achievement motivation and competitiveness, time urgency, and hostility and aggressiveness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| noninvasive imaging technique used to identify specific areas of brain activity, measures elevated concentrations of iron |
|
|
Term
| Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS) |
|
Definition
| a structure in the brain system thought to control overall cortical arousal, the structure Eysenck originally thought was responsible for introvert and extrovert differences |
|
|
Term
| Arousal Level & Arousability |
|
Definition
| recent research suggests that the differences in introverts and extroverts lie in the arousability of their nervous systems, with extroverts showing less arousability or reactivity than introverts to the same levels of sensory stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory |
|
Definition
| Gray's model based on two hypothesized biological systems - behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral Activation System (BAS) |
|
Definition
| in Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, the system that is responsive to incentives, when a stimulus is recognized as potentially rewarding, this system triggers approach behavior, highly correlated with the trait of extroversion |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) |
|
Definition
| In Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, the system responsive to cues for punishment, frustration, and uncertainty, the effect of this is to cease behavior or bring about avoidance behavior, this system is highly correlated with the trait of neuroticism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an unpleasant, high arousal emotional state associated with perceived threat, Freud- control of the ego being threatened by reality (neurotic, moral, objective anxiety) Rogers - result of having an experience that does not fit with one's self conception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a personality trait that refers to lowered self control, especially in the presence of potentially rewarding activities, the tendency to act before one thinks, and a lowered ability to anticipate the consequences of one's behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dimension of personality postulated to have a physiological basis - tendency to seek out thrilling and exciting activities, to take risks and avoid boredom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| often done in a sound proof chamber containing water in which a person floats, in total darkness, such that sensory input is reduced to a minimum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| level that is "just right", not over or under aroused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the presence of 2 or more disorders of any type in one person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicals in nerve cells that are responsible for the transmission of a nerve impulse from one cell to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enzyme found in the blood that is known to regulate nt's those chemicals that carry messages between nerve cells, MAO may be a causal factor in the personality trait of sensation seeking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nt that appears to be associated with pleasure, appears to function something like the "reward system" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nt that plays a role in depression and other mood disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nt involved in activating the sympathetic nervous system for flight or fight |
|
|
Term
| Tridimensional Personality Model |
|
Definition
| Cloninger's model ties three specific personality traits to levels of the three nt's. first in novelty seeking - dopamine. second is harm avoidance - serotonin. third is reward dependence - norepinephrine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| novelty and thrills can make up for low levels of dopamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low levels of serotonin leave the person extra sensitive so they expect bad things will happen and are always looking for the signs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people high on this trait are persistent and will continue to act in ways that produce reward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gene located on the short arm of chromosome 11 that codes for a protein called a dopamine receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stable differences between persons in preferences for being active at different times of the day. differences appear to be due to differences in the length of underlying circadian biological rhythms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biological processes that fluctuate around an approximate 24- 25 hour cycle, found to be as short as 16 hours or as long as 50 in some other people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in studies of circadian rhythms in which participants are deprived of knowing the time, no time cues to influence behavior or biology |
|
|
Term
| Electroencephalograph (EEG) |
|
Definition
| provides useful info about patterns of activation in different regions of the brain that may be associated with different types of information processing tasks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a particular type of brain wave that oscillates 8 to 12 times a second, amount present is an inverse indicator of brain activity during that time period, given off when a person is calm and relaxed, more that is present the more we can assume that part of the brain was less active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asymmetry in the amount of activity in the left and right brain frontal hemispheres, more relative right brain linked with negative emotions and vice versa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stress hormone that prepares the body to fight or flight. increase in it indicate that the animal has recently experienced stress |
|
|
