Term
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Definition
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Term
| Diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| when others are present the responsibility to help is divided among those present |
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Term
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Definition
| more likely to help those who we view as true victims |
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Term
| Factors that influence attraction to others |
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Definition
| proximity, similarity, matching hypothesis (same attractiveness) |
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Term
| Love: Walster and Berscheid |
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Definition
| Passionate (intensely emotional and physical) Compassionate (deep affection, share emotional intimacy and friendship) |
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Term
| Sternberg's 3 Components of Love |
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Definition
| Intimacy, passion, commitment |
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Term
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Definition
| we attribute success to ourselves and failures to the situation |
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Term
| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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Definition
| we assume others' failures are due to personal factors |
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Term
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Definition
| we see those in the "out group" all the same, but see diversity in our group |
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Term
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Definition
| working on a common task or goal in an effective way to reduce in/out group conflict |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into fetus from mother's bloodstream; allows waste to pass out |
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Term
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Definition
2-8 weeks
head, face, and neck develop
buds for limbs form and grow
major organs/digestive system start, heartbeat begins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| digestive organs begin to function, buds for teeth, sex organs, arms move |
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Definition
| face looks human, bones defined |
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Term
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Definition
| fingernails and toenails appear, Lanugo, Vernix |
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Term
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Definition
| fine, wooly hair over body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| eyesbrows/lashes define, eyes form |
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Term
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Definition
| fetus capable of life outside uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| fat is deposited, fingernails develop, lanugo is shed, chief organs increase functioning, vernix covers body |
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Term
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Definition
| harmful toxins that affect development |
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Term
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Definition
| increased understanding of the role or prenatal exposure to drugs on the developing child |
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Term
| Teratongenic agent: stress |
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Definition
| prematurity and low birth weight |
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Term
| Teratongenic agent: Marijuana |
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Definition
| low birth weight, disturbed sleep, reduced attention |
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Term
| Teratongenic agent: Heroin |
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Definition
| premature birth weight, tremulous behavior, poor sleep, poor sucking and feeding, risks of SIDs |
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Term
| Teratongenic agent: Cocaine |
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Definition
| premature size/weight, tremulous, high pitched cry, respiratory and regurgitation problems, rigidity, withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| abuse of multiple substances likely |
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Term
| Teratongenic agent: Alcohol |
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Definition
| mental retardation, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, poor impulse control, poor attention, overactivity, cognitive deficits |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prefer human faces, focus 7-9 inches |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| taste and smell in infants |
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Definition
| both present at birth, preference for sweets |
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Term
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Definition
| heat, cold, pressure and pain all present |
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Term
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Definition
| inborn, automatic responses to particular form of stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| survival value, stroke cheek and baby will turn head toward stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| basis for complex motor skills, with bare feet touching floor infant will mimic a stepping response |
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Term
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Definition
| place a finger in mouth and baby will suck; permits feeding |
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Term
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Definition
| shine a bright light or clap, close eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
| stoke heel to see reactions of the toes with flex/fan out |
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Term
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Definition
gross: walk rhythmically, jump, hop, push a riding toy
fine: remove clothing, use spoon |
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Term
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Definition
gross: walk upstairs, catch ball, ride tricycle
fine: fasten/unfasten large buttons, use scissors, copies lines, circles, draws tadpole |
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Term
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Definition
gross: walk downstairs, run, catches ball w. hands, smooth steering
fine: use fork, cuts with scissors on line, copies triangle and some letters |
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Term
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Definition
gross: increase running speed, true skipping, ride bicycle
fine: uses knife, tie shoes, draw people, copies words and numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficult; 10%, Slow-to-warm up; 15%, easy; 40%, mixture; 35% |
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Term
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Definition
| match between infant and family is critical |
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Term
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Definition
| develops in infants around 6-7 months ending around 18 months |
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Term
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Definition
| uses parent as safe base to explore, may not cry during absence, seek contact when parent returns |
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Term
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Definition
| unresponsive to parent when present, no distress when leaves, reacts to stranger similar as to parent, slow to greet parent |
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Term
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Definition
| seek closeness to parent, fail to explore, display anger on return, resistant behavior, cannot be comforted |
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Term
| disorganized/disoriented attachment |
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Definition
| greatest amount of insecurity, confused behaviors, glazed and spacey |
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Term
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Definition
| restrictive parenting, insist on obedience, rigid rules, no explanations and insensitivity. moody, easily annoyed, unfriendly, less motivated |
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Term
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Definition
| assume control with flexibility, reasonable demands, provide reason for rules. cheerful, socially responsible, cooperative |
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Term
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Definition
| accepting lax and few demands, little monitoring, few controls. impulsive, aggressive, bossy, self centered, low in independence and achievement |
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Term
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Definition
| removed or hostile parenting, overwhelmed with own stresses. high in aggression, temper tantrums, perform poorly |
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Term
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Definition
| certain body parts grow at different speeds leading to lack of proportion |
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Term
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Definition
| way of thinking the world is focused on themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| view himself as somehow unique or heroic |
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Term
| Development involves 2 processes |
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Definition
| Assimilation and accomodation |
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Term
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Definition
| how to fit new info into the present system of knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| existing structures don't fit so a child must develop new schemas |
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Term
| Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor |
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Definition
| birth-2 year. learn through concrete motor actions, object permanence (6 months), mental imagery, organize info into categories, purposeful activity |
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Term
| Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development: Preoperational |
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Definition
| 2-7 years. improve mental images, pretend, action orientated, no conversion |
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Term
| Flaws of thinking in peroperational children |
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Definition
| centration, irreversibility, egocentricism |
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Term
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Definition
| focus on one aspect of a problem and neglect other aspects |
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Term
| Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operations |
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Definition
| 7-11 years. performs operations on tangible objects and events, flexibility in thinking, see cause and effect, retrace thoughts |
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Term
| Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development: Formal Operations |
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Definition
| 12-up years. see abstract reasoning, metaphor and deductive reasoning, systematic in thinking, discuss moral values |
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Term
| Theory of Lifespan development |
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Definition
| each stage involves a psychosocial crisis; a transition which is organized around social relationship and personality is determined by these stages |
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Term
| Piaget and Moral Development: Heteronomous Morality |
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Definition
| 4-7. rules are subject to another's laws, right or wrong, rules are absolute and real |
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Term
| Piaget and Moral Development: Autonomous Morality |
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Definition
| 7 and up. one is subject to his/her own law, things aren't all right or wrong |
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Term
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Definition
| basic info processing skills; declines with age |
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Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| application of accumulated knowledge remains more stable |
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Term
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Definition
| any behavior or emotional state that causes distress or suffering, is maladaptive and disturbs relationships and the greater community |
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Term
| 5 dimensions of DSM-IV TR |
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Definition
| primary clinical problem, personality disorders, medical conditions relevant to disorder, social and environmental problems, global assessment of functioning |
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Term
| problems with DSM classification |
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Definition
| over diagnosis, diagnostic labels, subjective and not objective symptoms, political/social implications |
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Term
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Definition
| severe impairment in social interaction and communication |
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Term
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Definition
| higher level communication skills than autistic children |
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Term
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Definition
| inattention, impulsivity and/or hyperactivity. Ritalin |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple motor and one or more vocal tics |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings of worry, dread, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, sleep disturbance, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring attack of intense fear or panic accompanied by feelings of impending doom or death |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of being alone in public places from which escape might be difficult or no help. |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of thunder and lightening |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of peanut butter sticking to roof of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| recurrent, persistent and unwished for thought |
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Term
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Definition
| repetitive ritualized behavior in which people feel a lack of control over it |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally high level of energy, great plans, faulty thinking, impulsive behavior, pressured speech, spending lots of money, outbursts of anger |
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Term
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Definition
| cycle through depression and mania, high suicide risk. Lithium |
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Term
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Definition
| rigid, maladaptive traits that cause great distress or lead to an inability to get along with others, or to function well in the world |
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Term
| Paranoid Personality disorder |
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Definition
| suspicious, argumentative, looking out for trickery, blame others, loner, indifferent to praise or criticism, no warm feelings for others |
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Term
| Sociopath/Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| likes to break rules, takes advantage of people, lacks remorse, appears charming and friendly, intelligent |
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Term
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Definition
| looks schizophrenic, bizarre patterns in behavior, uses unusual words, superstitious beliefs |
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Term
| Borderline Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| manipulative, unstable relationships, all good or bad, impulsive, sexual, quick to anger |
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Term
| Histrionic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| overly dramatic, trauma, attention seeker, seductive, not genuine, dependent |
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Term
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| sense of privileged, feels special, expects favors |
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Term
| Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| indirectly expressing anger by "forgetting" or being stubborn, procrastination, cant admit anger, late |
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Term
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Definition
| psychosis or condition involving distorted perceptions of reality and an inability to function in most aspects of life. 17-25 |
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Term
| Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| bizarre delusions, halccunications, sensory awareness, disorganized incoherent speech and behavior |
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Term
| Negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| poverty of speech, emotional flatness, loss of motivation, social withdrawal, impaired attention |
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Term
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Definition
| consciousness, behavior and identity are split off, may develop in response to traumatic event |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to remember important personal info |
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Term
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Definition
| no concept of self, can take on a whole new identity |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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Definition
| appearance of 2 or more identities within one person |
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Term
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Definition
| presented with positive traits first, person was thought of as positive |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of norms which characterize how people in specific social positions should behave |
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Term
| Informational Social Influence |
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Definition
| follow the opinions of those we believe have accurate knowledge and believe they are doing right |
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Term
| Normative social influence |
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Definition
| conform to obtain rewards that come from being accepted by other people while trying to avoid rejection |
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Term
| Factors which affect conformity |
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Definition
| group size, presence of a dissenter |
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Term
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Definition
| golden rule; give a gift or favor |
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Term
| Door in the face technique |
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Definition
| persuader makes a large request expecting you reject and then makes a smaller request |
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Term
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Definition
| persuader gets you to comply with a small request and then presents a larger request |
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Term
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Definition
| persuader gets you to commit to an action then before you perform it the "cost increases" |
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Term
| Avoidance-avoidance conflict |
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Definition
| a choice must be made between two unattractive goals |
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Term
| Approach-approach conflicts |
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Definition
| a choice must be made between two desirable goals. Least stressful |
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Term
| approach-avoidance conflict |
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Definition
| choice must be made about to achieve a goal which has both positive and negative attributes |
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Term
| General Adaptation Syndrome |
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Definition
| all types of stressful situations lead to a similar stress response consisting of three stages; alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the body releases adrenal hormones, sympathetic nervous system in activated |
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Term
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Definition
| harmful act to someone verbally or physically, who is not actually the true object of hostility |
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Term
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Definition
| release of emotional tension |
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Term
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Definition
| compensate for deprived/frustrated by trying to promote a feeling of satisfaction in another area |
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Term
| constructive coping strategies |
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Definition
| problem focused, emotion focused, optimism, social supports |
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Term
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Definition
| competitive, impatient and more prone to aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| more relaxed, easy going, less quick to anger |
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Term
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Definition
| findings that those who are abused are at a greater risk for abusing |
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Term
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Definition
| violent, aggressive children have learned those behaviors from their parents |
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Term
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Definition
| aggressive predisposition combined with an aggressive environment creates a cycle of violence |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lesion/destroy areas of the brain to eliminate disruptive behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| shock therapy; beneficial to those with severe depressions which are not responsive to medication |
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Term
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Definition
| based on Freudian principles believing in the impact of early childhood |
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Term
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Definition
| saying whatever comes to mind |
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Term
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Definition
| develop relationship with therapist based on other people in one's life |
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Term
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Definition
| look at unconscious conflicts, defense mechanisms and symptom resolution in a broader manner than Freud |
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Term
| Systematic Desensitization |
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Definition
| step by step process of eliminating a fear |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substitutes punishment for the reinforcement of a bad habit |
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Term
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Definition
| immersion into the feared situation as an intervention to decreased feared response |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that people need to be self-actualized, unconditional acceptance. |
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Term
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Definition
| help identify beliefs and expectations which maintain problems and conflicts |
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Term
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Definition
| help identify beliefs and expectations which maintain problems and conflicts |
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Term
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Definition
| a distinctive pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives and emotions that are consistent in an individual over time |
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Term
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Definition
| long-term disposition to behave in particular ways in a variety of situations |
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Term
| Cattel’s Theory of Personality |
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Definition
| Studied traits using factor analysis; 16 personality factors test |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed the “Big Five” personality traits; believe most personality traits fall under these categories. |
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Term
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Definition
| OCEAN: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neurotism |
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Term
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Definition
| moral component of personality; rigid standards |
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Term
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Definition
| material which one has repressed or forgotten from personal experiences |
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Term
| Collective Unconsciousness |
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Definition
| traces of inherited memories from one’s ancestral past; archetypes or images and thoughts with universal meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| those preoccupied with the internal world of their own thoughts, feeling and experiences. More reclusive |
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Term
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Definition
| those interested in the external world of other people and things. More outgoing and friendly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Everyone must overcome feelings of weakness in comparison to competent adults/sibs… |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement history and cognition influence behavior. We see what we want to see |
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Term
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Definition
| belief one can set out to accomplish tasks/goals |
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Term
| Internal Locus of Control |
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Definition
| people believe they are responsible for what happens to them |
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Term
| External Locus of Control |
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Definition
| people believe their lives are controlled by luck, fate, or other people |
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Term
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Definition
| what sense of self and the person are consistent and it allows positive functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| sense of self/person in conflict |
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Term
| Unconditional Positive Regard |
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Definition
| attempt to resolve conflict; accept one may have acted badly and still be a good person; accepts one in a positive and accepting manner |
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Term
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Definition
| round, soft body, few muscles, tolerant, calm, needs affection |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular, upright, firm, mature, adventurous, competitive, less empathetic |
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Term
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Definition
| thin, delicate, few muscles, smart, shy, introverted, self-conscious |
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Term
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Definition
| personality is determined by a large extent to one’s genes |
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Term
| All of personality emerges from 3 higher order traits |
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Definition
| Extraversion (outgoing), Neurotism (anxious, moody), Psychoticism (cold, impulsive) |
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Term
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Definition
| explores our need to use self-esteem as a buffer against anxiety over our morality |
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