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| What is the most dramatic and extensive transformation of lifespan? |
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1st 2 weeks of pregnancy
IMPLANTATION begins 10 days after conception |
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3rd - 8th week
cells transform into an embryo
4th week- blood vessels become heartbeat
5th week-arms, legs, fingers are formed
by 8th week, all basic organs are formed |
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9th week until birth
organism becomes a fetus
goes from sexless to boy or girk |
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Term
| In order, the three main periods of prenatal growth are: |
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Definition
| germinal, embryonic, fetal. |
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Term
| What is the main function of the placenta? |
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Definition
| to protect and nourish the developing fetus |
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Term
| The neural tube will become the: |
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Term
| Prenatally, development happens in a “near to far” pattern known as: |
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| Prenatally, development happens in a “head to tail” pattern known as: |
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| The fetus begins to develop male sex organs if: |
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| the SRY gene on the Y chromosome commands the sex organ to develop. |
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| When does auditory communication between the fetus and the mother begin? |
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Term
| What happens to the brain during the fetal period of development? |
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| It increases in size by about six times. |
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Term
| Synaptogenesis refers to an increase in the |
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| number of connections between neurons in the brain. |
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Term
| The age of viability refers to the point when the preterm newborn: |
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| can survive outside the uterus. |
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| The critical factor in attaining the age of viability is: |
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| having adequate brain development. |
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| The best birthing position: |
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| depends on the woman and her culture. |
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Term
| The Apgar is used one minute and five minutes after birth to: |
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Definition
| determine whether the newborn needs immediate medical care. |
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Term
| What is the main cause of maternal death from birth around the world? |
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Term
| What percentage of U.S. births take place in freestanding birthing centers? |
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Term
| Which of the following demonstrates a major difference between the United States and the rest of the world in birthing practices? |
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| In the United States only 1 percent of births take place at home, while home births are much more common worldwide |
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Term
| A woman who helps other women with the birth process, often timing contractions, doing massage, finding pressure points, etc., is called a(n): |
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Term
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| a substance or a condition that can increase the risk of prenatal abnormalities |
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| Teratogens that harm the prenatal brain are called ______ teratogens because they can make the child hyperactive, antisocial, or learning disabled |
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| The percentage of newborns that will develop behavioral difficulties that could be connected to behavioral teratogens is approximately: |
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| The average newborn doubles her birthweight in: |
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| Which of the following is a disease caused by chronic malnutrition in childhood in which a protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as measles, diarrhea, and influenza? |
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Term
| is The breast milk secreted for premature infants is different than that secreted for full-term infants true or false? |
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| A hypothesis that has been repeatedly disproved is that the MMR vaccine causes which disorder? |
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| A fetus whose mother contracts ______ may be born blind, deaf, and brain-damaged. |
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| Ann-Marie started walking when she was 10 months old; Cynthia is just beginning to take steps by herself at 13 months. Which of the following is most likely? |
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Definition
| Both girls are developing normally. |
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Term
| Which of the following includes the three factors that contribute to the ability to walk? |
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Definition
| muscle strength, brain maturation, practice |
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Term
| Jaime grew up in a house with a very rough and cold concrete floor. Jaime never learned to crawl. This exemplifies: |
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Definition
| experience-dependent learning |
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| Gross motor skills are defined by: |
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| Binocular vision refers to the ability to: |
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| focus on an object with both eyes. |
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| In terms of visual development, newborns: |
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| is clearest when objects are 4 to 30 inches away. |
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| Infants attend particularly to: |
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| When you think about what you have perceived, what is taking place? |
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| The mental processing of sensory information as it comes into the brain is: |
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Definition
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| You are walking through a meadow, and you see a flower. Your eyes seeing the flower is a matter of ______. Your brain determines that the flower is yellow. This determination made in your brain is a matter of ______. You start thinking about how the flower will look in a vase in your living room. This process demonstrates ______. |
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Definition
| sensation; perception; cognition |
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Term
| A point on a ranking scale of 0 to 100 that helps doctors and parents know whether a particular baby is growing well is known as the infant's: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following may be a reason why first-born children have more sleep difficulties than later-born children? |
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Definition
| because parents tend to be more vigilant with their first-born children |
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Term
| The Swiss scientist who emphasized that infants are active learners and that early learning is based on sensory and motor skills was: |
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| According to Piaget, the core of intelligence is: |
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| The first two stages of sensorimotor thought involve: |
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| According to Jean Piaget, the two elements of adaptation are: |
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| assimilation and accommodation. |
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Term
| Hugh enjoys playing with your keys. When you take them away and place them in your pocket, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that Hugh does not understand |
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| Once an infant becomes responsive to other people and to objects, and touches and moves them, she is engaging in: |
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| secondary circular reactions |
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| Piaget's basic test for object permanence involves: |
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| showing a baby an interesting toy and then covering it with a cloth. |
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| The scientific method used by an infant in stage five is: |
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| When infants observe others' actions and then imitate them at a later time, they have exhibited: |
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| Research indicates that infants reach the stages of Piaget's sensorimotor intelligence ______ Piaget originally predicted. |
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| When studying infants, there are always problems with |
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| fidelity and credibility. |
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| When Becky's mother speaks to her, she uses a high-pitched voice, simple words or phrases, and lots of repetition. At four months of age, Becky delights in her mother's use of: |
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| The term holophrase is used to denote: |
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| the infant's use of one word to express a whole thought. |
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| A scientific term for becoming bored with an object after repeated exposure to it is: |
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| The technique that measures changes in blood flow anywhere in the brain is called: |
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| Some studies have found that infants as young as ______ months old can remember. |
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| Eight-month-old Han has learned that shaking his crib rail will bring his mother into his bedroom. His crib rail brings his mother to mind, demonstrating his |
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Term
| Verbal skills are necessary for which type of memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately how many human languages are there? |
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| Anger is usually triggered by: |
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| Which of the following characteristics must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt? |
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| Rex is 3 months old. According to psychoanalyst Margaret Mahler, he views himself as: |
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| Researchers placed a dot of rouge on babies' noses and then had them look into a mirror. At what average age did most babies touch their noses when they saw their reflection? |
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| Tiffany is now 8 months old. Her mother has always been a very anxious person, as has her father. Tiffany's parents and siblings are all easily stressed and anxious. What effect might this environment have on Tiffany's brain development? |
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Definition
| Her hypothalamus may be smaller and grow more slowly than normal. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is true about a father's role in an infant's emotional development? |
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Definition
| Fathers play an important role in mothers' stress levels, which can impact an infant's stress level. |
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Term
| Regina is easily disturbed, unhappy, hard to distract, and emotionally tense. The New York Longitudinal Study researchers would say that Regina is: |
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| According to the New York Longitudinal Study, infants' temperaments can be classified by what age? |
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| In Erikson's theory, the infant's earliest task is described as that of: |
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Definition
| learning trust or mistrust. |
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Term
| A toddler in Freud's anal stage would also be at Erikson's: |
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Definition
| autonomy versus shame and doubt stage |
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Term
| The autonomy versus shame and doubt crisis involves the child: |
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Definition
| trying to assert control over his or her own actions. |
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| Which of the following is characteristic of the emotions that develop over the course of the first 2 years of life? |
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Definition
| They are expressed in speedy and uncensored reactions. |
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Term
| According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference that may be used later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a: |
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| A working model, according to cognitive theory, is: |
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Definition
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| A theory of child rearing that is embedded in culture or ethnicity is a(n): |
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Definition
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| The Western value of independence is clearly exhibited in: |
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Definition
| Erikson's stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt. |
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Term
| Randa believes that she is not a competent parent, and therefore gets frustrated and depressed whenever her 5-month-old baby cries, believing that her son's cries prove what a bad mother she is. This belief is an example of: |
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| Margarita and Roberto are warm, nurturing parents who hold their baby all of the time and cradle him. They are exhibiting: |
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Definition
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Term
| A crucial aspect of synchrony is: |
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Definition
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| Victor and Rosa want to enhance their synchrony with their 6-month-old daughter. They can best do this by: |
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Definition
| imitating her vocal and facial expressions. |
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Term
| primary circular reactions |
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Definition
first two stages of Piaget's sensorimotor
interaction between senstation, perception, and cognition |
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Term
| What is stage one of Piaget's theory considered? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is stage two of Piaget's theory considered? |
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Definition
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| At what stage do babies develop self and social awareness |
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Definition
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| at what age does Piaget call kids "little scientists"? |
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Definition
| 12 to 18 months; Piaget's stage 5 |
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| When can kids begin to pretend? |
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Definition
| 18 tp 24 months; Pigaet's stage 6 |
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Term
| true or false: 1 month year olds can recognize differences in language? |
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opposite of Piaget
input output
measured in days and weeks rather than months
ties together infant cognition: Affordance and Memory |
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Term
| whats the first step of information processing? |
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memory triggered by stimuli,(CIRCUMSTANCE) retrival cues
begins before birth |
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VERBAL
depends on hippocampus
5 to 6 month |
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| True or False: listening and hearing are innate? |
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Definition
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| True or false: all babies, even deaf, are experience-expectant |
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Definition
INFANTS NEED TO BE TAUGHT (behaviorism)
SOCIAL IMPULSES= LANGUAGE
INFANTS TEACH THEMSELVES |
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| Is language itself experience dependent or expectant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first 2 years of life when patterns of social awareness emerge? |
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