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Definition
-literally-the study of the mind
-The science of behavior(crying/smiling) and mental processes(feeling/thinking) |
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| What are the 5 types of psychological research? |
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Definition
-Experiment
-Correlational Studies
-Survey
-Naturalistic Observation
-Case studies |
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| What is Experimental Research (This question relates to the 5 types of psych research) |
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Definition
| -Tool used to identify cause and effect under tightly controlled conditions |
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Term
| Name the two groups used in a experimental Research (5 types of psych research) |
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Definition
-Experimental:exposed to special treatment(ex.actual drug)
-Controlled:used as a standard to compare subjects in experimental (given placebo) |
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| Correlational Studies (5 types of Psych research) |
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Definition
-The relationship between variables is studied
-correlation coefficient summarizes/rates the relationship btwn the 2 variables(-1.0 to 1.0)
-0:no relationship
-positive:one variable increases, so does the other
-negative:one variable increase, the other decreases |
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Term
| Survey ( 5 types of psych research) |
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Definition
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Term
| Naturalistic Observation ( 5 types of psych research) |
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Definition
| -Researchers observe subjects in own surroundings |
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| Case studies ( 5 types of psych research) |
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Definition
-Focus on a few ppl (or 1)
-in depth study w/ rare/unusual ppl
-Criticism: subjective/small sample size |
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Term
| What are the 5 steps of the scientific Study? |
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Definition
-Develop hypothesis
-perform a controlled test
-gather information
-analyze results
-publish,criticize, and replicate results |
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Definition
A stimulus condition that the experimenter changes differently from all the controlled experiemnts
-Depends on what is being controlled in experiment |
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Definition
Responses of ppl in experiment
-Depends on conditions on which the subjects have been exposed to |
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Definition
First person to call himself a Psychologist
-established first psychological research lab
-studied "elements on consciousness" |
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| What are the applied Psychological Specialties? |
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Definition
-Industrial/Organizational
-Sports
-Engineering
-School
-Rehabilitation
-Clinical/Couselors |
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Term
| What is Psychiatry?(Psychology vs. Psychiatry) |
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Definition
-Medical Specialty
-can prescribe medicine
-trained for mental illnesses |
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Term
| What is Psychology? (Psychology vs. Psychiatry) |
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Definition
-Broad field (learning,development,perception)
-not trained in medicine
-focus on research methods and psychology |
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Term
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Definition
-Release chemical contents into synapse
-Send messages across gap to next neuron in the train
-Strongly refer to table 2.1 for list of neural transmitters |
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Term
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Definition
-Can also be found on sections named:The Neuron:Buling block ect.
1.Sensory Organ (stimulation)
2.Dendrites
3.Some (cell body)
4.Axon
5.Terminal Button
6.Synapse/Synaptic Gap
7.Receptor Neuron (target cell) |
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Term
| Autonomic Nervous System(Part of Peripheral N.S) |
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Definition
-self regulating/independent/done unconciously
-sends communications between Central Nervous System and organ/glands |
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Term
| Somatic Nervous System (Part of Peripheral N.S) |
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Definition
Carries sensory information to Central Nervous System
-voluntary messages |
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Term
| Sympathetic Division (Part of Autonomic/Somatic which is part of Peripheral N.S) |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasympathetic Division (Part of Autonomic/Somatic which is part of Peripheral N.S) |
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Definition
| -Returns internal responses to rest state |
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Term
| Importance of Neuron/Glial Cells |
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Definition
-Structural support
-form new synapses
-form myelin sheath which insulates,protect and conduct impulses
*Two main building blocks of the nervous system* |
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Term
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Definition
-Hormone System of the body
Whoa more info just incase:
-release hormone into blood stream which influence emotion,functions ect.circulates body until reaches spot.
-When unaroused, works with Peripheral system
-Work with SNS in "fight or flight" |
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Term
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Definition
-Middle Layer of brain
-memories/motives/emotions
-3 components: Hippocampus,Amygdala, Hypothalmus |
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Term
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Definition
-Part of Limbic System
-Memory and emotion |
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Term
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Definition
-Command Central
-Brain and Spinal Cord
-body functions, behaviors, and complex decisions |
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Term
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Definition
Each hemisphere of the brain exerts control over different functions
-Left:analytical
-Right:uhh..lets say creative |
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Term
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Definition
-Related to Cerebral Dominance
-Each hemisphere of brain communicates with OPPOSITE side of the body |
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Term
| What are the divisions of the Nervous System? |
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Definition
-Central Nervous System
-Peripheral Nervous System |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of all nerve cells in the body and functions as one interconnected unit |
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Term
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Definition
-Deals with Cerebral Dominance
-bundle of nerve cells that connect the two hemisphere of the brain and relay info between the two |
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Term
| Know endocrine System glands on table 2.1 |
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Definition
| Know what hormone/neurotrasmitter is secreted and what it influences |
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Term
| Electroencephalograph Graph |
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Definition
Records Brain waves by placing electrodes on scalp (weak voltage pattern)
-tells which parts are the most active
-reveal abnormal brain waves |
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Term
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Definition
| A transmitter fiber that receives a message from a neuron |
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Term
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Definition
Links spinal cord with rest of brain
-pathway up/down between body and brain |
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Term
| What are the 4 components of the brain stem? |
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Definition
-medulla:basic unconcious functions
-Pons:sleep/dreaming cycle
-reticular Formation:keeps brain alert/wake
-Thalamus:directs incoming/outgoing sensory/motor traffic |
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Term
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Definition
-Position Emission Tomography
-shows brain activity
-sense low-lvl radioactive glucose consumed by active brain cells |
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Term
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Definition
-Part of limbic system(middle layer of brain)
-monitors blood to determine condition of body
-attached to pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical Strength of sound |
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Term
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Definition
| # of vibrations /cycles of waves completed in an amount of time |
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Term
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Definition
-Based on wavelength striking eye
-begins in retina
-read more on pg.99/notes
-She said you need to know what, when and how.
-lol idk when-whenever you open your eyes |
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Term
| hearing Process sensation |
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Definition
-waves converted into neural impulses
-read page 101-102/notes |
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Term
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Definition
| Our perception of sounds depends on where it comes from and the kind of vibrations it produces (idk I can't find it in the book-should fall under heaing |
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Term
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Definition
| frequency of sound energy is represented by nerve impulses of the same frequency, and pitch differentiation and analysis are carried out by the brain centers |
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Term
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Definition
| -goal/past experiences/knowledge guide perceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristics of stimuli influence perception |
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Term
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Definition
smallest detectable level of stimulus
-different types of stimuli |
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Term
| Difference Threshold/Just Noticeable Difference |
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Definition
smallest physical difference between two stimuli
-ex.judging the volume of music that is enough for you to hear AND soft enough to not wake your uh...dog/roomate |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in responsiveness due to prolonged stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
perception brings meaning to sensation
-whoa more information
-fast fibers w/ myelin cover:quick sensory messages that go to brain
-slow fibers w/o cover:slow messages and intense pain |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Scientifically-based enquiry from fields like sociology, economics, psychology and neuroscience, particularly from research in educational settings. It is the empirical data on performance used to monitor, evaluate and compare progress. |
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Term
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Definition
| Charles Darwin, Wilhelm Wundt, |
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Term
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Definition
| Ivan Pavlov view on Behavior. (Involves stimulus) |
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Term
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Definition
| B.F Skinners view on Behhavior. (Involves praise/reward/punishment) |
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Term
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Definition
Identifies one or more specific, observable events or conditions such that any other researcher can independently measure and/or test for them.
Example: A researcher measuring happiness and depression in college students decides to use a ten-question happiness scale to measure positive outlook in her subjects. In other words, her operational definition of happiness in this case is a given subject’s score on the test. |
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Term
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Definition
Definition
Explanation
Prediction
Change |
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Term
| Types of research methods/designs |
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Definition
Correlational research
Descriptive research
Experimental research |
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Term
| Steps of Scientific method |
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Definition
Question
Develop hypothesis
Research design
Data collection and analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of cell that is designed to communicate information throughout the body. They make up the basic building blocks of the nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neuron after the transmission of a neural impulse across a synapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by cell or gland. These messengers are sent out from one part of the body to affect cells in other parts of the body. Hormones are often released directly into the bloodstream, but they may also be secreted into ducts. |
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Term
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Definition
Pituitary - Master Gland (Creates hormones)
Thyroid - Metabolism/Growth
parathyroid - Calcium levels
Adrenal - Fight or Flight
Pancreas - Glucose (Sugar) Metabolism
Ovaries - Development of fem. Char.
Testes - Development of male. Char. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell that has the ability to continuously divide and differentiate (develop) into various other kind(s) of cells/tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| The amygdala, the hippocampus, regions of the limbic cortex, and the septal area. |
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Term
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Definition
Agonists are chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of neurotransmitters on the receptor sites of the next cell. If the neurotransmitter was excitatory, the effect of the agonist would be to increase the inhibitory. the agonist blockst the inhibitory effect.
Antagonist drugs are chemical substances that block or reduce a cell's response to the action of other neurotransmitters. If the neurotransmitter is inhibitory, the antagonist would increase the activity of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical and mental changes/arousal that occur in response to a challenging or threatening situation |
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Term
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Definition
Life changing
Cataclysmic events
Chronic stress
Job Stress
Conflict
Hassle
Frustration |
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Term
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Definition
3 basic types:
Approach-approach = choice b/t 2 options w/ equally desirable characteristics
Produces the least stress
Approach-avoidance = forced choice w/in 1 option has equally desirable and undesirable characteristics
Avoidance-avoidance = choice b/t options have equally undesirable characteristics |
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Term
| General adaptation syndrome |
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Definition
| Pattern of general physical responses that take essentially the same form in responding to any serious chronic stressor ( different stressors essentially trigger the same systemic reaction/general physical response) |
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Term
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Definition
Type A and Type B behavior patterns
Type A = angry, competitive, perfectionist, impatient, aggressive, cynical, ambitious, workaholic (more prone to heart disease)
Type B = relaxed approach to life; laid back |
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Term
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Definition
Personal control/locus of control
Internal locus of control = we control our own lives
External locus of control = factors/forces beyond our control determine our fate |
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Term
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Definition
(sympatho-adreno-medullary) (hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenocortical)
The physical stress response begins w/ arousal, which stimulates the body’s adaptive responses – involving the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla as well as the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal cortex (p. 74, figure 3.4)
Can turn harmful after prolonged stress: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) = trauma and stress related
Caused by exposure to extraordinary stress (i.e., war, combat, rape, natural disasters, attacks…)
Individual experiences symptoms of initial traumatic event for a prolonged period of time |
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Term
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Definition
taking action that reduces/eliminates causes of stress
Problem-focused coping = action taken to clarify and resolve a stressor
Emotion-focused coping = regulating one’s emotional response to a stressor |
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