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an organism experiences events or stimuli that are observable and measurable, and changes in that organism can be directly observed and measured
who proposed this |
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| john watson who was fueled by pavlov |
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| second order conditioning |
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why people hoard money because it is used to buy things
the stimulus functions as the US that used to be the CS |
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| the capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli |
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| through little albert, watson proved that emotions |
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| can be learned and are subject to CC |
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| rescorla and wagner were first to theorize that |
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| cc only occurs when an animal has learned to set up an expectation |
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| is there a time interval in delay conditioning or trace conditioning |
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amnesics can recognize
a. trace conditioing
b. delay conditioning |
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| Clark & Squire showed that only aware patients showed |
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the hippocampus is needed for
a. delay conditioning
b. trace conditioning |
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| richard thompson found that the_____ is important for both delay and trace conditioning |
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| which part of the brain is involved in the classical conditioning of fear? |
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| after having a bad experience with a particular type of food, people can develop a lifelong aversion to the food. This suggests that conditioning has a ___ aspect |
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| latent learning provides evidence for a cognitive element in operant conditioning because |
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| it occurs without any obvious reinforcement |
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| If the connections btwn the amygdala and hypothalamus are severed, |
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| then the autonomic response of fear is stopped |
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| to have adaptive value it needs four elements |
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| 1. rapid learning 2. can be intervals up to couple hours 3. more adaptive to reject toxin on smell alone 4. learned aversions should come from novel foods than familiar ones |
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| propensity for learning particular kinds of associations over others is |
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| classical conditioning is the study of behaviors that are |
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| type of learning where the consequences of an organism’s behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future |
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| behaviors that are followed by a “satisfying state of affairs” tend to be repeated and those that produce an “unpleasant state of affairs” are less likely to repeat |
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| research focused on instrumental behaviors which are ones that require an organism to do something, |
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| behavior that an organism produces that has some impact on the environment |
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| research in a controlled environment |
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| positive means to... negative means to... |
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add something
take something away |
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| food, shelter, comfort, warmth b/c they serve biological needs |
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| when external rewards undermine the intrinsic satisfaction of performing a behavior |
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| learning takes place in ____ not in free range |
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| true or false: stimulus control is effective even if the stimulus means nothing to the respondent |
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| operant behavior undergoes extinction when |
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| which schedule has a higher rate of responding? |
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| learning that results from the reinforcement of successive steps to a final desired behavior |
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| strongest early advocate of a cognitive approach to operant learning |
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| tolman proposed that animals establish a ____ relationship |
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| pleasure centers are in the ___ system |
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| pathway that meanders its way from midbrain through hypothalamus are the ***most susceptible to stimulation that produces pleasure |
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| brelands found that each species |
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| is biologically predisposed to learn some things more readily than others and to respond to stimuli in ways that are consistent with its evolutionary history |
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| The chimps only learned the tool is used to get food where kids learn specifically how to tuse the tool |
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| tomasello came up with the |
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| an animal performs an action, such as when a monkey reaches for a food item. Mirrors also fire when an animal watches someone else perform the same specific task |
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| mirror neurons are found in the |
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| pareital and frontal lobes |
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| which requires awareness...delay or trace conditioning? |
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hippocampus is needed for
a. explicit
b. implicit |
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| implicit shows decreased activity in the |
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| US= food, UR=salivation CS= Buzzer so now CR= |
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delay conditioning uses ___
implicit or explicit? |
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| seamstress in china is on a __ __ schedule |
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| parents to kids with praise: 3 elements |
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| warm, enthusiastic and specific |
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| ________ describes the cognitive elements of classical conditioning |
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| Thorndike's puzzle box demonstrated |
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| a behavior followed by a reward tends to become more frequent |
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habituation is a form of ___ learning
a. explicit
b. implicit |
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true or false:
psychotic amnesia patients with explicit memory problems can still show intact implicit memory |
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