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Definition
| Behavior intended to benefit another. Applies even when helper stands to benefit. |
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Definition
| The survival of one's genes in one's own offspring and in any relatives one helps |
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Definition
| Helping that occurs in return for prior help |
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Term
| Social responsibility norm |
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Definition
| The societal rule that people should help those who need them to help |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency of a bystander to be less likely to help in an emergency if there are other onlookers present |
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Term
| Diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| The tendency for each group member to dilute personal responsibility for acting by spreading it among all other group members |
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Definition
| The mistaken impression on the part of group members that, because no one else is acting concerend, there is no cause for alarm |
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Term
| Arousal/cost-reward model |
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Definition
| The view that observers of a victim's suffering will want to help in order to relieve their own personal distress |
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Term
| Mood management hypothesis |
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Definition
| The idea that people use helping tactically to manage their moods |
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Term
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Definition
| Action intended solely to benefit another and thus not to gain external or internal rewards |
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Term
| Empathy-altruism hypothesis |
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Definition
| The presumption that when one empathizes with the plight of another, one will want to help that other for purely altruistic reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| Compassionate feelings caused by taking the perspective of a needy other |
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Term
-Notice the event
-Interpret the event as an emergency
-Assume Responsibility
-Attempt to help |
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Definition
| What are the 4 steps in hte Bystander Intervention Model? |
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Term
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Definition
| people help out of a genuine concern for others, in order to increase the welfare of others |
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Term
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Definition
| What core social motive is altruism related to? |
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Term
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Definition
| affective response that mimics another person’s emotional state |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling compassion for another person’s distress |
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Term
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Definition
| Where are people less likely to help, in big cities or small towns? |
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Term
-Attribute responsibility to themselves for relieving another's distress
-Don't see others as responsible
-Don't see victims as responsible for their own distress |
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Definition
| Name three factors which make people more likely to help |
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Term
-"we" connection
-negative arousal
-helping to reduce arousal cost is low, reward is high |
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Definition
| Three factors that affect helping in arousal cost reward model: |
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Term
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Definition
| People are more likely to help if they are in a _____ mood. |
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Term
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Definition
| People are more likely to help if they feel ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on self-interest as a motive for prosocial behavior with self-benefit as the ultimate goal |
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Term
| Self-enhancement, controlling outcomes |
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Definition
| What core motives is egoism related to? |
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Term
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Definition
| Helping can be increased by events triggering temporary ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| People are more likely to help in circumstances that reinforce their __ ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Project yourself onto other people, believe they share your ideals |
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Term
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Definition
| the motivation to uphold a moral standard (as opposed to doing something for the group) |
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Term
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Definition
| we should make moral choices without knowing how they, specific others, and their groups would fare |
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Term
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Definition
| Woman near death from cancer, one drug radium available, very expensive, company charging 10 times the drug. Husband can’t afford- should he steal? |
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Term
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Definition
| Came up with three stages of moral development |
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Term
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Definition
| is concerned with consequences for self; own needs; rewards and punishment. Will I be punished or rewarded for this behavior? |
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Term
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Definition
| obedience to social norms, rules, and laws; social order; approval and disapproval (ex: You don’t speed bc not socially beneficial) |
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Term
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Definition
| universal principles; generality beyond group |
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Term
-Interpret the situation as a moral problem
-Apply relevant standards to action plan
-Evaluate how actions serve moral values
-Execute and implement action |
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Definition
| What is the four step model of moral behavior? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are two things that increase moral reasoning? |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior intended to harm another person |
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Term
-Behavior
-Intended
-Aimed at hurting |
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Definition
| Three things that define aggression: |
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Term
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Definition
| Aggression that seeks harm as a means to another end |
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Term
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Definition
| Harm is the primary goal of aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes the initiative to harm |
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Term
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Definition
| Responds to a perceived threat |
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Term
| Frustration-Aggression hypothesis |
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Definition
| frustration leads to aggression and all aggression results from frustration |
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Term
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Definition
| Deviant behavior increases as consequences and responsibilities decrease |
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Term
| Inhibitory Conflict Model |
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Definition
| initial primal impulse to say something or engage in deviant behavior, conflicts with complex cognitive thoughts and values, but after alcohol consumption, less likely to listen to those complex thoughts and focus on simple, strong impulses |
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Term
Increased arousal
Increased aggressive thinking
Increased aggressive feelings
Increased aggressive behavior
Decreases prosocial behavior |
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Definition
| Five effects of violent video |
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Term
| High testosterone and low serotonin |
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Definition
| Two hormones that affect aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| Purging emotions by “venting” (i.e. punch pillow) |
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Term
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Definition
| a generalized belief about members of a group |
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Term
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Definition
| a preconceived attitude toward a social group and its individual members |
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Term
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Definition
| positive or negative feelings of which you are aware |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings of which you are not aware |
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Term
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Definition
| more subtle preference for what is familiar, similar, and comfortable |
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Term
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Definition
| - the fear that one might confirm the negative stereotypes held by others about one’s group |
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Term
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Definition
| To decide that the arena is no longer relevant to their self esteem |
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Term
Humor
Positive role models
Learning about stereotypes |
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Definition
| Three ways to reduce stereotype threat |
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Term
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Definition
| Behaviors directed toward others because of their group membership |
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Term
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Definition
| Competition between groups for resources |
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Term
| Perceived group homogeneity |
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Definition
| Phenomenon of overestimating the extent to which members within other groups are similar to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more people who act together and influence each other |
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Term
-Are interdependent
-Share a common identity
-Have a group structure |
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Definition
| Individuals become more group like when they: |
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Term
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Definition
| The effects of others increase with numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| Reducing one's personal efforts when in a group setting |
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Term
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Definition
| When group discussion leads members to make decisions that are more extremely on the side of the issue the group initially favored |
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Term
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Definition
| When the pursuit and cohesion and unanimity direct group decision making |
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