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| the historical buddah, whose spiritual journey provided the foundation for buddhism; also called sakyamuni |
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| awakened one; the term often refers to siddhartha gautama (sakyamuni buddha), who lived in india about 2,500 years ago; in some forms of buddhism, it is held that everyone can attain buddha status (become a buddha) by following the path, although it may take more than one lifetime to achieve this |
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| continuation of the effects of karma in previous lifetimes into the present |
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| the major east asian buddhist tradition, which pays particular attention to the buddha and to devotional practices that assist others to follow his path to enlightenment |
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| type of buddhism found particularly in japan, which uses koans to overcome limitations of thought |
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higher stage of consciousness that results from following the eightfold path; some timees also used synonymously with awakening |
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| that there is suffering, that it has a cause, that suffering can cease, and that there is a path to end suffering |
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| the true, intrinsic nature of things |
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| ignorance or false beliefs about the nature of reality |
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| suffering, which is accepted in the first noble truth |
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| craving for a variety of things, including physical objects and even the self; the source of suffering (according to the second noble truth) |
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| the wheel of suffering, in which the consequences of unenlightened action lock a person into a cycle of rebirth instead of permitting liberation to nirvana |
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| the method for achieving an end of suffering, described in the fourth noble truth |
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| description of the path to enlightenment by avoiding extremes, such as extreme asceticism or extreme self-indulgence |
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| no-self; the doctrine that there is, in reality, no fixed, stable, enduring self (although the illusion of one may be constructed from fleeting impressions) |
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| the goal of spiritual development, in which there is no attachment, and therefore suffering has ended |
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| intentional or willed activity, which produces consequences (positive or negative, depending on the action) |
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| a transformation from ordinary consciousness in which a person recognizes the true nature of things and the path to spiritual progress |
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| a spiritually enlightened person who remains in the world to help others on their spiritual path |
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| a community living in harmony and awareness |
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| spiritual practice; various forms exist |
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| teacher; spiritual adviser |
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| in zen buddhism, a riddle that is posed for the purpose of overcoming preconceptions and so furthering spiritual enlightenment |
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| a practice in which attention is consciously regulated to enhance serenity and well-being |
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| a form of meditation in which attention is focused on a particular object, such as the breath or a word or phrase (mantra), one of the best known being the mantra "om" |
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| a form of meditation in which thoughts are observed but not judged |
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| meditation; sitting meditation; practiced in zen buddhism |
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| (pretas) one of several realms of eistence in buddhist teaching, characterized by persistent, unsatisfied cravings |
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