Term
|
Definition
-Focus on observable behavioral responses
-The environment impact on a person's actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Reintroduced how one things affects behavior and responses
-The mental processes involved in knowing
-How one understands and then thinks about solving problems
-MIND IS A COMPUTER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Understand the mind and behavior through biological processes in the brain
-Electrical and chemical processes of neurons
-Localization of function
-Phineas Gage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The threshold is directly proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus to which the comparison is being made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Larger and larger increases in physical energy are required to produce equal increases in perception
- Light bulb experiment |
|
|
Term
Frequency Theory
Place Theory |
|
Definition
Nerve impulses sent to the brain match the frequency of sound waves
Different areas of the basilar membrane are sensitive to different frequencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Various factors influence our sensory judgment; often a process of decisions in addition to sensation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Three types of cell receptors in the retina; cones most sensitive to red, blue, or green. Couldn't explain afterimages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each cone responds to two different wavelengths; red/green, blue/yellow, black/white |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It takes both theories to explain color vision; combines trichromatic process theory with dual process theory |
|
|
Term
| Absolute Threshold (sense Modality) |
|
Definition
Vision - Candle flame at 30 miles on a clear night
Hearing - Watch ticking at 20 feet in quiet room
Taste - 1 tsp of sugar in 2 gallons of water
Smell - 1 drop of perfume in 6(3) room apartments
Touch - Wing of bee on cheek dropped from 1 cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sweet, sour, salty, bittter, and umami (meaty)
9000 buds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the inner ear which is a fluid-filled tunnel with hairs that are sound receptors
holds auditory receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the optic nerves from each eye cross over and pass info to opposite sides of brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Where light waves enter eye
-Behind cornea, adujust to control amount of light entering
-Surrounds and controls pupil with muscles
-Behind pupil, thinner for distance, thicker for close |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contains specialized sensory neurons
Optic disk - a hole which yields a blind spot
Contains rods and cones |
|
|
Term
Olfactory Receptors
Pheremones |
|
Definition
Humans have 40 million; detect smell
Chemical signals found in natural body scents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A proposed relationship between two variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A systematic way of organizing and understanding observations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aspect manipulated by the experimenter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measured to assess any change in response to the manipulation of IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Do I get consistent results over time? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does it measure what it is supposed to measure? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looks at genetic influences and factors on behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| explores higher level mental processes like memory and creativity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deal with the problems of everyday life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looks at the measurement of behavior through the development of psychological tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies personality traits and their stability over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interaction between psychological factors and physical well-being |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psychology that examines the positive attributes of psychology such as adaptions and creativity
- Look at objective experiences of positive emotions, traits, and social elements of functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies the responses of an individual or group across situations; studies altruism and bystander behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies how to create the best learning environment |
|
|
Term
| Industrial/Organizational |
|
Definition
| studies how issues of morale, job satisfaction, and productivity can be improved in a workplace |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interact with legal systems involving competency, custody, and risk assessment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnose and treat emotional problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focus on disorders, trauma, and dementia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything which can be measured or described |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
variable other than IV which can impact the result
- time of day, sunlight, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable with a fixed meaning or attribute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable which can be measured across a continuum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Observing one's behavior in their natural environment
-Describes but does not explain behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Using a large sample size with questionaires and interviews
-Can have response bias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Explores the relationship between two variables using a numerical value
- (-1) negative relationship
- (0) no relationship
- (1) positive relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In-depth study of an individual or small group
- can not be used to make generalizations on a small scale
- susceptible to researcher bias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A consistent patter of response that shows a pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research expectations may impact the interpretation of the results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expectancies can impact subjective experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give answers which are "correct" or "appropriate", but not true |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subjects behaving in a manner they think would be expected of them in the experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hold the neurons in place, nourish and insulate neurons |
|
|
Term
| Absolute Refractory Period |
|
Definition
| Minimum amount of time a neuron must rest in between another action |
|
|
Term
| Sensory or Afferent Neurons |
|
Definition
| carry info to the brain from the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receive messages in the neuron and transmit them to the cell body (soma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Release neurotransmitters which bind to the dendrite receptor site
- can excite or inhibit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keeps neurons alive; controls growth and determines releases |
|
|
Term
| Motor or Efferent Neurons |
|
Definition
| carry info to the body from the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical substances which carry info across the synaptic gap to the next neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transmit messages from the cell body to another neuron, muscle, or gland
-insulated by myolin sheath
=end in terminal buttons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neurons which are activated by performing an action or by seeing another perform same action
- Dysfunction linked to autistic behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in emotions, stress (cortisol) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
manufactured by endocrine glands and released into the blood stream
- can be classified as neurotransmitters at times |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Natural opiates that the brain releases to reduce pain and promote pleasure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning, memory, and emotion, excite heart muscles, intestines, and urogenital tract, involved in alertness and wakefulness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates biological rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involved in learning, memory, and pleasurable emotion
- High levels associated with schizophrenia, low leves with Parkinsons |
|
|
Term
| GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) |
|
Definition
inhibitory neurotransmitter, low levels linked with anxiety
-Anti-anxiety drugs increase inhibitory effects of this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excitatory transmitter widely distributed and implicated in memory formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involved with mood, sleep, depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle action memory and attention. Emotion and cognition. Some receptors stimulated by nicotine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
balance and coordination of movement; analyzes sensory info
-cut into two hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in auditory and visual responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evaluates sensory info linked to fear responses emotional events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation and storage of new memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loosely interconnected structures involved in emotions; no clear boundaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relays motor impulses out of the brain; directs incoming sensory messages to higher centers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls some motor functions, regulates awareness and attention and some autonomic funtions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| master gland governed by the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FIGHTING, FLEEING, FEEDING, FUCKING |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pleasure area of the brain; lesions may create rage reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates sleeping, waking, and dreaming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regulates autonomic funtions such as breathing, muscle tone, reflexes
- can't survive if destroyed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
modulates muscle reflexes, pain perception, active in states or arousal
- damage can result in comas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory nerves relay info from the skin and muscles to the CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fight or flight responses
- WOrks automatically
- Takes messages to and from the body's organ monitoring breathing, heart rate and digestion |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| slows actions down, conserves bodily resources |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
Definition
| Everything outside of brain and spinal cord that handles input and output of CNS to rest of body |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| mobilizes body for action, stops digestion, increases oxygen to blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assess changes in blood oxygen to areas of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| detect electrical activity of neurons; look at brain waves across events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple x-rays of successive slces of the brain; looks at brain structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| records biochemical changes in the rbain as they occur by injecting radioactive solutions in brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses magnetic fields and radio frequencies which produce vibrations; forms structural view of the brain |
|
|
Term
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation |
|
Definition
| stimulates areas of the brain using magnetic pulses to explore the brain functioning/behavior |
|
|
Term
Sleep Apnia
Narcolepsy
Insomnia |
|
Definition
| snoring/sleep attack/can't sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains the visual cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| somatosensory cortex; receives information about senses |
|
|
