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| Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association |
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| regulates a hormone released by the pituitary gland. |
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| Broca's area is important for this |
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| primary visual cortex is located here |
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| closely associated with the concept of Dualism |
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| Edification & Independent Inquiry |
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| being uplifted, moral improvement or guidance; enlightenment ... seeking or requesting the truth, information or knowledge |
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| Different parts (structures) of the brain have different jobs (functions). |
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| Face blindness - inability to recognize faces, usually a consequence of a stroke. |
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| A birth defect that is present at birth and is typically marked by severe deficits in social interaction, language, acquisition, tendency to perform repetitive actions and a restricted focus of attention and interest |
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| A chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain functions, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. A drug that directly and chemically affects a person's mental state when used or administered. |
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| The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure |
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| The extent to which repeating a test or experiment will generate a similar result (consistency). |
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| How well do the findings relate to a larger population. |
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| Specializes in studying behavior relationships most have degrees in clinical psychology. They specialize in research or in evaluating or treating those with neurological disorders. |
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| Medical doctors who specialize in diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems. CAN prescribe medicine. |
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| How to evaluate scientific information related to psychology or other disciplines? Increasing information. Products/Drugs are marketed directly to citizens. How do you evaluate the quality of that information? |
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| Different participants are used in each group, there is generally a control group and a group that is affected by the Independent Variables. It makes comparisons between the groups of participants to determine the effect of the Independent Variable. |
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| Subjects are exposed to all levels of the Independent Variable. Only one group of participants and all receive the same treatment (exposure to IV). |
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| The variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to test it's effects (ie. - study time) |
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| The variable that is measured to see how the experiment is changed by the independent variable. The variable that you measure. (ie.- test scores) |
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| An uncontrolled variable that changes along with the Independent Variable. |
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| National Institute of Health. Primarily responsible for biomedical and health-related research. |
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| National Science Foundation. Supports fundamental research and education in all non-medical fields of science and engineering. |
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| Neurobehavioral Developmental Disorder where one has persistent impulsiveness and inattention. |
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| Medicine used to treat ADHD. |
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| Food & Drug Administration |
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| A progressive brain disease that causes loss of cognitive functions beginning with memory of recent events. |
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| A degenerative disorder of the brain that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions. |
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| Branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge. |
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| Some organisms are better suited or can adapt to their environment. Conditions at ant time and reproduce differently (more offspring than others) - changing environment conditions creates unique selection pressures that can favor physical features or behaviors for success. |
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| An observation, an objective statement based upon observation. |
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| An idea, conceptual model designed. |
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| Any prediction about new facts that is made from a theory. |
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| Descriptive Studies/research |
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| Study where a researcher describes the behavior of an individual or set of individuals without systematically investigating relationships between specific variables (not designed to test hypothesis) |
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| A procedure in which a researcher systematically manipulates one or more independent variables and looks for changes in one or more IV's while keeping all others constant. |
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| Mathematical Methods for summarizing sets of data |
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| Mathematical methods for helping researchers determine how confident they can be in drawing general conclusions from specific sets of data. |
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| Any data collection procedure in which the researcher records subjects on-going behavior in a natural setting without interfering with that behavior. |
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| Middle number when all scores are lined up in order. |
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| Degree in which the numbers in the set differ from one another or from their mean |
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| Measure of variability. Measures how widely spread the values in a data set are. |
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| Range -1.00 to +1.00; a high number = a stronger correlation and a low number = a weaker correlation |
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| Assess two or more variables to determine weather or not a relationship exists between them and when measured numerically, the strength and direction or the relationship can be assessed by a statistic called correlation coefficient. |
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| Mathematical methods for helping researchers determine how confident they can be in drawing general conclusions from specific sets of data. (Not due to chance). |
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| If the p value is less than .05 (5%) |
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| A technical term referring to random variability in research results |
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| Non-random (dircted) effects on research results caused by some factors extraneous to the research hypothesis. |
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| A subset of the population under a study that is not representative of the population as a whole |
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| Degree to which a measurement system act measures the characteristic that it is supposed to |
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| Placebo & Double-Blind Experiments |
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| Experiments in which both observer and subjects are blind with respect to the subjects treatment conditions. EX) Some recieving drug and some receiving placebo and both observer and subjects don't know who got which. |
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| In drug studies, an inactive substance given to subjects assigned to non-drug group. More generally, any treatment that alters a person's behavior through power or suggestion |
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| Keeps observer uninformed about those aspects of study that could lead to expectations about the outcome. Prevents observer expectancy effects. |
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) |
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| Composed of brain and spinal cord |
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| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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| Composed of somatic nervous system. includes sensory and motor nerves, carries information to and from skin, sensory and motor periphery automatic nervous system. Regulate digestive and Cardiovascular system and other organ systems. |
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| Basic functional unit of the nervous system, nerve cells. |
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| Widest part of a neuron, which contains call nucleus and other basic machinery common to all cells |
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| The thin tube like extensions of a neuron that typically branch repeatedly near the neuron's cell body and are specialized for receiving signals from other neurons. |
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| A thin, tube like extension from a neuron that is specialized to carry neural impulses (action potentials) to other cells. |
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| Axon terminals and action Potentials |
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| A swelling at the end of an axon that is designed to release a chemical substance (Neurotransmitter) onto another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. |
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| The functional connection through which neural activity in the axon of one neuron influences the action of another neuron, a muscle cell, or glandular cell. |
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| A chemical substance released from the axon terminal of a neuron, at a synapse that influences the activity of another neuron, a muscle or a glandular cell. |
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| A chemical substance released from the axon terminal of a neuron at a synapse that influences the activity of another neuron, a muscle cell, or a glandular cell, also called a transmitter. |
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| Skin allows certain chemicals to flow into and out of cell while blocking others |
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| Neural impulses, all or nothing electrical bursts that begin at one end of the axon and move along to the other end. |
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| The center for perception, voluntary action, thought has two hemispheres with 4 lobes per hemisphere |
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| Complex Visual Perception (faces) hearing and language comprehension of the brain. |
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| Orientation of body in space, touch sensations of brain |
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| Volition, planning and complex social- emotional skills lobes |
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| Controls hormonal systems and the mater endocrine gland (pituitary glad) which acts on the other endocrine glands regulating secretion of hormones (regulates motivation for food, water, temperature, regulation, and of course sex) largely via the pituitary gland. |
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| Important for forming episodic memories. |
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| Mean, Median, & Mode are all measures of what? |
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| Relays sensory inputs to the neocortex (from eye, ear, and skin receptors) - heat, pain, and touch. the brain structure that sits directly atop the brainstem. |
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| A group of drugs that act by increasing levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain. Used to commonly treat ADHD. (IE- Adderall, Vyvanse, Dexedrine) |
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| Scientific study and application of psychology for the purpose of understanding, preventing and releiving psychologically based distress or disfunction and promote well bring and personal development. |
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| Range and Standard Deviation are all measures of what? |
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| Physician who specializes in psychiatry and is certified in treating mental disorders. Can prescribe medicine. |
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| The branch of psychology where how thought, feeling and behavior develop from cradle to... (Do the number of facial expressions change as a function of development - ie) age or experience) is there a critical period for children to learn agressive or anti-social behaviors.. or math? |
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| The branch of psychology where the influence of thought, feelings, and behaviors are studied. How does class size influence student's behavior? How does the presence of others influence aggressive behavior? Why do some people socialize better at big parties and others at small gatherings? |
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| Industrial/Organizational Psychology |
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| The branch of psychology where the infuence of organization "structure" on an individual's behavior is examined. Do hierarchal structures increase or decrease worker productivity? How best to deign human/computer interfaces (better mice, better keyboards, etc)? |
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| The branch of psychology which examines what variables influence learning in educational settings. Does class size influence the way children learn to read? Do boys and girls learn better in single sex schools? What is the best way to teach reading? |
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| The branch of psychology which examines psychological factors that influence health. How do work schedules (rotating schedules) influence health risks? Are there genetic differences in susceptibility to work stressors? |
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| The only thing that can be truly proven to exist is matter, and it is considered a form of physicailism. |
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| This scientist did work on political philosophy and contributed to Materialism |
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| Theory of knowledge which asserts that knowledge arises from exprience |
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| The view that certain skills or abilities are "native" or hard wired into the brain at birth. |
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| This scientist was an influential enlightenment figure and dealt with concepts of identity and the self. Closely identified with Empiricism. |
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| This man was an Enlightenment thinker, dealt with the nature of reality and epistemology writings |
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| Application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behaviors. |
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| The type of psychology which attempts to explain mental and psychological traits such as memory, perception, or language - as adaptatons that is as the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection. |
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| Some members of the population are more likely to be included than other members |
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| Sensations coming from the skin |
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| Part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system, maintaining homeostasis in the body. Usually performed without conscious control. |
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| Long thin tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extend from the brain. (added with the brain = central nervous system) |
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| Lower portion of the brain stem. Deals with automatic functions, such as breathing and blood pressure. |
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| Located on the brain stem. Above the medulla. Relays sensory information between the cerebellum and cerebrum. |
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| A group of nuclei in the brain interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brain-stem. Associated with motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning. |
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| Used as a way of measurement in Inferential Statistics |
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| Uses a fMRI to display cognitively. |
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| This is used to measure the amount of oxygen released by hemoglobin molecules in a given region in the brain. |
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| Region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception, coordination, and motor control. |
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| Inferior frontal gyrus of brain. Impairment of various speech and language functions. Language tasks association. |
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| Part of the brain that forms part of the cortex (pink outer part) Left hemisphere is located usually specialize for language skills. |
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| A type of aphasia caused by neurological damage to this same named area of the brain. Speech is preserved but language content is incorrect. |
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| Aphasia caused by damage or developmental issues in anterior regions o the brain, including the area with the same name of the brain. Speech is difficult to initiate, non-fluent, labored, and halting. |
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| Uses various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function of the brain. |
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| The body's electrochemical communication circuitry and is made up of billions of neurons and other supporting cells |
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| Carries information to and from the skin. Sensory and motor nerves to periphery. |
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| Regulate digestive and cardiovascular system and other organ systems. |
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| Sensory neurons convey info about touch, pain, and heat to the brain. Motor neurons convey info from the brain to the muscles and other body organs. |
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| Elaboration of spinal cord. Regulates a breathing and heart rate. |
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| Fine sensorimotor control and balance |
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| Network of neurons that project diffusely to the neo cortex and play an important role in arousal and attention. |
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| Important for certain emotional responses to sensory inputs (fear, anger, joy) |
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| Center for all perceptual processes (IE - hearing, seeing, smelling, touch) Center for voluntary control of movement, including future movements (What will i do after time?) |
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| Papers are evaluated anonymously by other scientists (reject, more experiements, reanalyze, ewwrite, accept) |
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