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| Systematized body of knowledge |
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| It answers the human curiosity to give solutions and gain new knowledge |
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| Natural Science, Applied Science, Social Science |
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| Physical Science, Biological Science |
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| Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science |
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| Types of Physical Science |
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| Astronomy, Geology, Geography, Meteorology |
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| Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere, Atmosphere |
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| Types of Biological Science |
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| Technology, Process, Product, Machine |
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| Sociology, Psychology, Archeology |
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| Everything came from nonliving things |
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| Proton, Electron, Neutron |
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| quark, proton electron neutron, atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biomes, biosphere, earth, solar system, galaxy, universe, quantum theory |
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| everything came from nothing |
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| Quantum Theory, Multiverse |
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| Alexander Friedman and George Lamaitre |
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| Proprietor of Bigbang Theory |
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| 13.7/13.8 Billion Years Ago |
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| Charged particles in a Photon Baryonic Fluid |
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| light particles carrying radiation, traveling into wavelength |
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| most accepted theory about the formation of the universe |
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| after 380,000 years, what happened to photon |
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| Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium |
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| Formation of Primordial Elements |
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| 73% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, 2% Lithium |
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| matter condensed, formation of stars |
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| formation of the sun and solar system |
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| Arnold Penziast and Robert Wilson |
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| Cosmologist that discovered the CMB, they discovered it using the radiotelescope |
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| Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation |
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| remnant of the early cosmos |
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| multidirectional, can pass into the atmosphere |
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| unidirectional, traveling into one direction, cannot pass into the atmosphere |
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| star that is 16 billion years old |
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| a branch of astronomy that deals to the study of the origin and evolution of the universe |
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| same element with different no of atomic mass but same in atomic number |
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| same with the atomic number |
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| process of element formation |
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| Bigbang Nucleosynthesis, Stellar/Star Nucleosynthesis, Supernova Nucleosynthesis |
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| smaller nuclei collide together to make large nuclei and energy is released in form of electromagnetic formation |
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| super high energy, electrically charged gas |
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| requires extremely high temperatures and pressures |
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| study the figures expressing quantities |
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| study the composition, structures, changes, and properties of matter |
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| study the properties of matter, energy and their interactions. |
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| includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres, namely biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. |
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| study heavenly bodies or firmaments. |
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| study the earth’s crust and strata |
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| study the atmosphere and weather |
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| study of earth’s surface, forms, physical features, climate, political division |
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| – a way of producing the finding of science to produce new things to make living easier. |
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| practical application of science for modern living. |
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| devices/tools that helps human activities faster and better. |
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| materials produced or made through artificial means |
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| knowledge about the way people act and live with each other. |
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| study the origin, history, and constitution of human society |
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| study the natures, functions, and phenomena of humankind and behavior. |
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| study the past cultures, skeletal remains or fossils and artifacts |
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| it is derived from the sense of experiences |
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| John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume |
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| abstract idea. Refer to body of explanation that either already validated or not yet validated. Explain WHY phenomenon |
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| 1920’s, Alfred Wegener, continents or land forms drifting or fitting together. |
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| Spreading Seafloor Theory |
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| 1960’s, Harry Huss, occurs at divergent plate boundaries |
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| 1980’s, Alfred Wegener, Earth is composed of inner and outer core |
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| statement that explains/predicts variety of phenomenon. Embodied mathematical relationships or equations between and among quantities under prescribed condition/s. Answers WHAT phenomenon happens. |
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| test of all knowledge, truth can be source or judge. Knowledge that already been validated and are already well stablished by evidences. Qualitative rather than mathematical. HOW phenomenon happens and how it works |
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| a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. |
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1. Formation of the problem
2. Gathering data through observation and experimentation
3. Formulate hypothesis
4. Test your hypothesis
5. Conclusion |
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| Steps in Scientific Method |
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| smallest wavelength and the most energy of any wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. Produced by the hottest and most energetic objects in the universe. |
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| basic or building block or fundamental unit of protons and neutrons |
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| is the process of element (nuclei) formation |
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Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Stellar Nucleosynthesis
Supernova Nucleosynthesis |
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| Types of Nucleosynthesis (3) |
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| smaller nuclei collide together to make larger nuclei, and energy is released in the form of electromagnetic radiation |
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| is basically a super high energy, electrically charged gas |
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| is the most widely accepted scientific theory about the origin of the universe. It is supported by multiple lines of evidence. |
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| a point of infinite density |
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| is a very hot ball of gas |
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| The heaviest element that can be made in a star |
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| The gravitational collapse triggers a phenomenally large explosion |
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| The splitting of a nucleus to form two or more smaller, more stable nuclei |
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| is the release of energy, in the form of energetic particles and waves, from the nuclei of unstable (radioactive) isotopes |
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| Radioactive atoms are called |
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| This “breaking apart” of unstable nuclei over time and the accompanying release of nuclear particles and energy |
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| an unstable nucleus releases two neutrons and two protons |
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| a neutron suddenly changes to a proton, releasing an electron, a ghostly, low mass particle called a neutrino |
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| an unstable nucleus releases a high energy form of electromagnetic radiation |
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| is a general term for the changing of chemical element or isotope to another by changing the number of protons and/or neutrons. |
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| a greek philosopher who was the first person to use the term atom |
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| the first to adapt Democritus theory into the first modern atomic model |
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| Proposed the idea of isotopes in 1912 |
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| a physicist who is credited for discovering the electron |
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| uses the cathode ray tube |
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| found the negative charge of atom and called it electron |
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| was not convinced by JJ Thomson, he perform the gold foil experiment |
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| The theory of the Universe |
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| Democritus called his theory the |
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| He says that all matter consists of atoms, which are bits of matter, too small to be seen |
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| He says that there is an empty space between atoms |
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| He says that atoms are completely solid |
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| He says that atoms have no internal structure |
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| He says that atoms is different in size, weight or shape |
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| He says that all matter consists of tiny particles called atoms |
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| He says that atoms are indestructible and unchangeable |
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| He says that elements are characterized by the weight of their atoms |
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| He says that when elements react, it is their atoms that have combined to form new compounds |
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| He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 for his work with isotopes and radioactive materials |
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| JJ Thomson called the negative charge what? it was later on called electron |
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| What is the name of the Model that JJ Thomson created? |
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| are the negatively charged particles suspended in this fluid. this resembles the plums in the pudding |
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| He says that the electrons orbit the nucleus |
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| He agreed with the planetary model of the atom, but he also knew that it have some flaws |
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| He used his knowledge of energy and quantum physics to perfect Rutherford's Model |
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| He was able to answer why the electrons did not collapse into the nucleus |
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| Rutherford-Bohr Atomic Model |
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| Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy |
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| Rutherford-Bohr Atomic Model |
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| The lower energy of the electron, the lower the orbit |
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| Rutherford-Bohr Atomic Model |
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| This means that as electrons fill up the orbitals, they will fill the lower energy level first |
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| Rutherford-Bohr Atomic Model |
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| If that energy level is fill, a new energy level will begin |
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| Rutherford-Bohr Atomic Model |
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| Radiation is when an electron moves from one level to another |
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| Electron do not travel on a specific path |
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| The problem with Rutherford-Bohr Atomic Model |
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| He proposed that electrons revolve around the central positive nucleus |
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| He also suggested that the electrons can only revolve in certain orbits or at certain energy levels |
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| A revolutionary physicist who used Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to come up with the atomic model we still use today |
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| An electron does not travel in an exact orbit |
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| We can predict where it will probably be |
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| We cannot say for certain where it is, but only where it ought to be |
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| The type of probability orbit is dependent on the energy level described by Bohr |
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| He realized that the atomic mass of most elements was the double number of protons |
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| when was the neutron discovered |
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| Who discovered the neutron |
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| He worked on the Manhattan Project, also won a nobel prize, worked with Ernest Rutherford |
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| He was assigned the task of tracking down evidence of Rutherford's tightly bound "Proton-Electron Pair" or neutron. |
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| An element when bombarded by alpha particles, emitted a very energetic stream of radiation |
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| The smallest part of an element is called an |
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| Protons, Electrons, Neutrons |
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| Subatomic particles of atom |
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| most accurate, yet the most complex even at a university model |
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| Each orbital can contain, how many electron |
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| the number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons |
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