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| a conceptual or theoretical perspective or framework commonly accepted within a scholarly discipline that helps to inform and guide thinking and research |
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| a concept that provides an exaggerated and oversimplified version of reality as a way to promote analytical clarity and conceptual comparison |
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| a territorial entity controlled by a gov and inhabited by a population |
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| dominant post WWII era paradigm; based on assumption that IR is a struggle for power among sovereign states |
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| absence of an effective world gov capable of enforcing rules and norms of behavior |
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| situation of anarchy in which there is no gov. Hobbes posited that humans once existed in a state of nature but elected to create govs and thereby surrender some personal liberty in exchange for order and security |
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| condition of supreme, independent political authority answerable to no higher authority. in IR theory, and esp among realists, states are regarded as sovereign |
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| state efforts to protect their interests thru accumulation of military power or forging of alliances |
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| notion that what one state does for purely defensive purposes might appear to other states as threatening to their security and interests |
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| realist approach to order; assumes that a rough equilibrium among the great powers helps to maintain stability, since no state can initiate war and be confident of victory- success depends on flexible, shifting alliances and while it can maximize chances of war in short run, war cannot be erased in long run |
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| join sides with rising power in order to be on winning side of future conflict |
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| one with both interest and capability to ensure that power is kept relatively in balance |
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| post WWI perspective on world politics; assumes that ideas about reform of int system could move us beyond world of power politics emphasized by realism... destroyed by WWII |
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| currently most well developed paradigmatic challenger to realism: suggests global cooperation is possible |
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| total benefits that accumulate to a state as a consequence of its interactions with other states without regard to benefits that accrue to others |
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| suggests that international institutions such as law, regimes, and int orgs mitigate anarchy and facilitate int cooperations |
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| suggests that commerce among states leads to a mutual economic interdependence that raises the cost and reduces the likelihood of wars |
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| suggests that domestic regime type has an impact of state's foreign behavior; democratic peace theory |
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| idea that democracies tend not to fight wars against one another and that the spread of democratic gov can be antidote to war in int system |
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| idea that int institutions, economic interdependence, and diffusion of democratic gov are mutually reinforcing and together support liberal notions of a trend toward peace and cooperation among states |
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| paradigm emphasizing the role that norms and identities have in constructing character of IR |
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| paradigm that suggests inclusion of more women in positions of authority would change way world politics is conducted and traditional scholarship, esp realism, reflects a gendered perspective on conduct of IR |
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| paradigm that accepts the realist notion that conflict is inherent in world politics, but sees that conflict as driven more by economic interest of socioeconomic classes than by geopolitical interests of sovereign states |
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| a political unit able to exercise effective governance and control over a well-defined piece of territory and its population |
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| group of people who see themselves, due to shared historical and cultural experiences, as members of a common group |
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| a state that exists to provide territory and governance for a group of people who see themselves as a single nation- ideal |
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| idea that people care about their national identity and are motivated to seek national self-determination by aquiring a state of their own |
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| balance of power system that relies on collective oversight and maintenance of balance of great powers |
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| idea that leaders have negotiations with other states and with key domestic societal actors |
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| approach to order in which a global coalition of states agrees to repel aggression against any other in the int system- regional alliances use this in their own membership |
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| approach to international order in which key parts of the world would be designated as under the influence of one or the other great powers |
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| a conflict in which one state confronts a main rival via third parties- indirect aggression |
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| term is used to refer specifically to relaxation of cold war tensions that took place between US and USSR |
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| an international system in which only two major powers are capable of seriously threatening the security and sovereignty of one another |
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| a war in which a country fires the first shot in expectance of an imminent attack by an adversary that would severely compromise vital interests |
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| a war in which a nation strikes first to prevent an anticipated shift in BOP that will be detrimental to its interests at some point in the future (frowned upon in international community) |
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| view that IR are shaped exclusively by the structure of the int system and external interactions of states within that system- domestic variables are irrelevant |
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| an integrated set of assumptions and understandings about how the social, political, and economic world should be structured and organized |
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| policy makers begin with a shared sense of national interest. policy making is a rational, intellectual process designed to achieve this national interest |
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| accepting policies and outcomes that minimally satisfy foreign policy objectives without necessarily maximizing outcomes achieved and interests attained |
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| decision makers tend to fit new info into their preexising theories instead of altering their theories. tend to view other states as more hostile than they are. tend to see behavior of others as more centralized, disciplined, and coordinated than it actually is |
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| tendency, most often found in small, cohesive groups operating under conditions of stress, to abandon ciritical thinking in favor of viewpoints that reflect group solidarity |
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| bureaucratic politics model |
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| sees foreign policy making as a competitive struggle among various gov insts and actors to promote their version of the "national interest" as shaped by interests and perspectives of their particular bureacratic agency |
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| mobilization of forces, raising military alert levels, warning shots, small scale skirmishes designated to send a signal and impact behavior of other actors in int system |
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accepts that war can sometimes be both necessary and just. allows that ethical and moral considerations must be part of determining when and how to fight
just cause
right intention
last resort
probability of success
limited objectives
legit authority |
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| ability to dissuade another state from acting against one's interest by the threat of harm one might do in response |
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| ability to survive initial attack and have sufficient retaliatory nuclear capacity to respond |
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| stability-instability paradox |
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| idea that states will engage in conventional war precisely because they feel secure that it can never escalate to nuclear war among the superpowers |
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| group of states that have ruled out the use of war and violence as a means of resolving conflicts with one another |
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| end of cold war, end of ideological debates about how to organize economic and politcal affairs with the triumph of the ideas and democracy and market capitalism |
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| war in which there is fundamental diff in nature of participants- in their goals, capablities, and tactics |
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theories of war in an era of leading power peace
robert jervis |
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