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| What is behavior genetics? |
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Definition
| the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior |
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Term
| How do psychologists define environment? |
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Definition
| every nongenetic invluence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us |
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Definition
| threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes |
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Definition
| a complex moleule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes |
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Definition
| the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chormosmes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| the complete instructions for makign an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes |
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Term
| How are identical twins and fraternal twins different? |
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Definition
identical - twins hwo develop from a single fertilized egg taht splits in two creating two genetically identical organisms.
fraternal - ftwins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. they are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment |
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Term
| You should understand the logic behind twin studies (E.g., if an effect is all genetics- who should have a higher correlation- identical twins or fraternal twins?) |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are separated twins studied? (hint- removes shared environment). You should also understand the logic behind adoption studies. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
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Term
| What are easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up infants like? |
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Definition
easy - cheerful, relaxedm adn predictable in feeding and sleeping
difficult - are more irritable, intense, and unpredictable
slow to warm up - tend to resist or withdraw from new people and situations |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied |
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Term
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Definition
| the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity) |
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Term
| Explain how genes and environment can interact. |
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Definition
| it's not nature versus nurture; its nature via nurture |
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Term
| How can genes influence the environment? |
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Definition
| Our genetically influnced traits evoke significant responses in others. Environments trigger gene activity |
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Term
| What is molecular genetics? |
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Definition
| the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes |
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Term
| What is evolutionary psychology? |
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Definition
| the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection |
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Term
| The idea of natural selection? |
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Definition
| the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead t oincreased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed onto succeeding generations |
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Term
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Definition
| a random error in gene replication that leads to a change. |
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Term
| What are some gender differences in sexuality? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to evolutionary psychology, what do women look for in a mate? What do men look for? Why? |
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Definition
| Men more than women preferred physical features suggesting youth and health - and reproductive potential. Women more than men preferred mates with resources and social status. |
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Term
| What are some critiques of the evolutionary approach? |
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Definition
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Term
| Be familiar with the study by Rosenweig and Krech on how environment can influence rat’s cortexes Figure 4.4 p. 149-150. Review other example of how experience impacts brain development |
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Definition
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Term
| How much influence do parents and peers have on our lives? P. 170 has a good summary for this |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the enduring behaviors, ideas, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Nroms prescribe 'proper' behavior |
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Term
| What is personal space and how does the norm for personal space differ across cultures? |
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Definition
| the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies |
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Term
| How does the pace of life differ across cultures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between collectivism and individualism? Review Table 4.1 |
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Definition
| self, life task, what matters, coping method, morality, relationships, attributing behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| in psychology, the biological and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female |
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Term
| Review the gender differences discussed on pages 159-162. |
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Definition
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Term
| Specifically who tends to be more physically aggressive? |
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Definition
| Men tend to be more aggressive |
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Term
| Who tends to be more socially dominant? |
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Definition
| Men are more socially dominant |
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Term
| Who is more concerned with social connectedness? |
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Definition
| women are more concerned with making connections |
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Term
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Definition
| the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child. |
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Term
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Definition
| the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child |
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Term
| What is testosterone and how does it play a role in sexual differentiation? |
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Definition
| the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additoinal testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty |
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Term
| What evidence is there that gender differences are biological? e.g., testosterone exposure to female embryos. |
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Definition
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Term
| What evidence is there that gender is the result of nurture? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of expected behaviors for males or for females |
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Term
| What is a gender identity? |
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Definition
| our sense of being male or female |
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Term
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Definition
| the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role |
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Term
| How does social learning theory explain gender differences? |
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Definition
| the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished |
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