Term
| Why should we learn about NPP's (non pathogenic protozoa). |
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Definition
| Infection with NPP often indicates oro-fecal contamination. THEY HAVE THE SAME LIFE CYCLE AS EH. |
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Term
| How can entamoeba dispar be differentiated from E. histolytica. |
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Definition
| They look identical but can be differentiated via ELISA. |
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Term
| what are the sizes of the E. hartmani trophozoite and cyst. |
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Definition
| Smaller then histolytica, trophs= 12-15 microns and Cysts 5-9 microns. |
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Term
| where do E-coli trophozoites live? |
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Definition
| US's most common intestinal amoeba. Live in the large intestine. |
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Term
| how large are E. coli trophozoites? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does the E.coli endosome look like? |
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Definition
| large and eccentric endosome. Irregular peripheral chromatin. |
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Term
| what is the size of the EC cyst? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how many nuclei are in the mature EC cyst ? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the chromatoial bars in EC ? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is E.gingivalis found in humans? |
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Definition
| in the mouth, especially on the surface of the teeth, gums, and pockets near the base of the teeth. 95% in unhealthy mouths and 50% in healthy ones. |
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Term
| what stage is transmitted and how can transmission occur? EG |
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Definition
| trophs does not form cyst thus the trophs are transmitted. |
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Term
| How can it (EG) be identified? |
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Definition
| Nucleus is small centric endosome. fine evenly distributed peripheral chromatin. |
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Term
| Is Endolimax nana large or small? |
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Definition
| VERY SMALL (smallest one on the exam) |
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Term
| Describe the size of the troph. EN |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure of the nucleus. EN |
|
Definition
| Large and centric endosome |
|
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Term
| Describe the speed of the movement. EN |
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Definition
| Moves very slowly, is known as the "dwarf internal slug". |
|
|
Term
| Homany nuclei in the cyst . EN |
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Definition
| Cyst= 6 microns in diameter. When is is mature it has 4 nuclei. |
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Term
| How large is the trophozoite Iodomoeba butschilii? |
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Definition
| Troph = 10 microns in diameter |
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|
Term
| Describe the Nucleus . IB |
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Definition
| Nucleus is very large. Endosome is eccentric. Chromatin is distributed as granules. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what structure in the cyst stains deeply with iodine? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many nuclei in the cyst? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is facultative parasitism? |
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Definition
| facultative parasite is an organism that may resort to parasitic activities but does not rely on the host for the completion of its cycle. |
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Term
| where does Naegleria Fowleri normally live? |
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Definition
| Found in soil and freshwater. Particularly in warm pounds and lake Also heated swimming pools; enters nose when when water is forced in. |
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Term
| what happens when the organism enters the human nose? |
|
Definition
| Migrates through the olfactory nerve into brain |
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Term
| what does it do in the brain? NF |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what disease state does it cause? NF |
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Definition
| causes hemorrhage, necrosis of brain tissue= results in meningitis and encephalitis. Person thus goes into coma and die. Infection is called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. |
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Term
| How often does PAM occur? NF |
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Definition
| Very rare but very severe. ~200 cases reported. |
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Term
| what are the symptoms for PAM? NF |
|
Definition
| stiff neck, head ache, light sensitivity, seizures may develop |
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Term
| How can diagnosis be made? NF |
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Definition
|
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Term
| WHAT DRUGS ARE USED TO TREAT PAM infection? NF |
|
Definition
cocktail of antifungal and antibiotic medications. Combo of
Amphotericin B= is used which is an anti fungal. it binds to and disrupts the parasit's membrane. causes the cytoplasm to leak out.
Rimfampin- disruption of transcription in the protozoan
Micoanozaole antifungal: Unknown how it affects parasites. |
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Term
| How can infection be controlled ? NF |
|
Definition
Pools need to be cleaned properly; right amount of chemicals.
Warm freshwater lakes.
if exposed--Blow nose very forcefully and quickly. Use a Neti Pot. |
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Term
| Where is Acanthamoeba spp found? |
|
Definition
| order amoebida, pathogenic, free living, usually live in soil and water. |
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Term
| what are GAE , acanthamoebic kerititis, and acanthamoebic uveitis? |
|
Definition
GAE= Ganulomatus amoebic encephalitis. Less severe them PAM.
Acanthamoebi kerititis = is infection of skin, get it from soil contact.
Achanthamoebic aveitis- Infecion of eye via contact lenses. |
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Term
| How is the infection diagnosed? AC |
|
Definition
| trophs in the CSF/skin/eyes |
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Term
|
Definition
| amphotericin B, Rifampin, Micronazole |
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|
Term
| what is the function of flagellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which phylum are the flagellates classified? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are flagellates usually found in the human host? |
|
Definition
| Dgestive tract and Reproductive tract |
|
|
Term
| Why is infectin with giardia lambila sometimes called Beaver Fever? |
|
Definition
| Beaver are reservoir hosts |
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|
Term
| How many nuclei are in the mature cyst? GL |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Trace the life cycle of the parasite |
|
Definition
| Troph lives in the small intestine and in the bile duct which leads to the duodenum. Trypsin stimulates the trophozoite's attachment via the use of adhesive discs. They attach to the epithelial cells. |
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Term
| what effect does the parasite have on the host intestine? |
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Definition
| trophs that pass down the intestine are going to encyst in the large intestine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| when there is excessive fat in the feces. can be recognized by its overwhelmingly foul smell. |
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Term
| How is infection with G. lamblia diagnosed. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metronidazale goes by the name of flagyl= inhibits DNA synthesis |
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|
Term
| How can infection be prevented? |
|
Definition
| drinking water, sand filtration, campers, chemotherapy |
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|
Term
| what does a recurrent flagellum often form? |
|
Definition
| an undulating membrane. The flagellum is attached to the membrane thus the membrane moves as it moves back and forth pull on it. |
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Term
| Do the trichomonads have mitochondria? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are hydrogenosome? Trich. |
|
Definition
| Trichomonads dont have mitochondria but they have these organelles that are involved in metabolism. The metabolze pyruvate and that leads to ATP production. End product is hydrogen gas. |
|
|
Term
| what stages occurs in a trichomonas life cycle? |
|
Definition
| NO CYST STAGE IN THIS ORGANISM (much like entamoeba gingivalis). |
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|
Term
| where in females and males is trichomonas vaginalis found? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the acidic pH of the Vagina maintained? |
|
Definition
| it is maintained via lactic acid bacteria that live there. |
|
|
Term
| why does the pH go UP in a T. vaginalis infection? |
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Definition
| because T. vaginalis feeds n the lactic acid bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| what does TV cause in males and females? |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the vaginal epithelium. Can cause a variety of symptoms like itching and leuchorrhea ( excessive production of mucus). |
|
|
Term
| describe transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of T. vaginalis? |
|
Definition
| Transmission = no cysts. Direct transmission= via sex and sharing. Newborns= eyes. |
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|
Term
| where in the human is trichomonas tenax found? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| does trichomonax tenax cause pathology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How common is it in the human population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the organism transmitted from one host to the other? |
|
Definition
| Direct-kissing and utensils |
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