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| people long ago made connection between the brightest stars called _____. |
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| a canopy of stars like an astronomical painting on a vast heavenly ceiling |
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| celestial analog of latitude |
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| celestial analog of longitude |
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| 24 hours; our basic social time unit |
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| a day measured by the stars |
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| which is longer: solar day or sidereal? |
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| The point on the ecliptic where the Sun is at its northernmost point above the celestial equator: _____. |
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| When the sun is at its southernmost point below the celestial equoator, or Earth's North Pole is oriented fartheset from the Sun: |
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| The tilt of earth's rotation axis relative to the ecliptic is responsible for the ____. |
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| The two points where the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator--that is where EArth's rotation axis is perpendicular to ht eline joining earth to the Sun:____. |
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| What are the three lunar phases? |
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| new moon, quarter moon, full moon |
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| During _____, the Moon appears to wax (grow) a little each night and is visible as a growing crescent. |
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| What happens during quarter moon? |
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| half of the lunar disk can be seen |
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| What happens duirng the gibbous phase? |
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| more than half of the lunar disk is visible |
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| What happens during full moon? |
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| new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent, back to new moon |
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| When the sun and moon are in exactly opposite directions as seen from the Earth, EArth's shadow sweeps across teh Moon, temporarily blocking the Sun's light and darkening the Moon: ____. |
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| The Moon passes directly in front of the sun, briefly turning day into night: ____. |
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| used to measure the distance to faraway objects |
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| the appartent shift of a foregrowund object relative to the background as the observer's location changes: |
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| the backwards/westward motion of a planet |
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| the distance between earth and sun |
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| an object at rest remains at rest, and a moving object continues to move forever in a straight line with constant speed, unless some force changes the sate of the motion |
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| newton's second law of motion |
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| the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net applied force and inversely proportional inversely proportional to the objects mass |
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| newton's third law of motion |
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| to every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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| What did Aristarchus contribute? |
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| he proposed that all planets revolve around the Sun and earth rotates on its axis once a day |
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| What did nicholas copernicus contribute? |
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| he rediscovered articarchus's heliocentric model and asserted that earth spins on its axis and all planets orbit the sun. And that earth is not at the center of the universe |
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| What did Galileo discover using his telescope? |
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| the moon has mountains, valleys, craters; the sun has imperfections--dark blemishes now known as sunspots; the sun rotates onces a month; foru small points of light orbit Jupiter (moons); venus shows a complete cycle of phases similar to the moon |
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| Kepler contributed three laws. what were they? |
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| the oribital paths of the planets are elliptical; an imaginary line connecting the sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of the ellipse in equal intervals of time; the square of a planets orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semimajor axis |
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| accurate astronimcal and planetary observations that eventually helped kepler |
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| developed a deeper understanding of the way all objects move and interact with one another through his laws |
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