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| Skyrocketed in years folllowing civil war, after 1877, no threat of legal actions. |
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| Passed after 1877 in south, designed to curtail civil rights African Americans had won with 13 14 15 amendments. |
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| Restricted after 1877, grandfater clauses, literacy tests, poll taxes, intimidation |
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| At the mercy of white landlords in south to replace slavery. |
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| Drawn by industrial jobs in the North, approx 6 million African Americans began moving in large numbers towards factory jobs (cleveland chicago, detroit) in 1910s |
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| W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington |
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| DuBois: More radical of the two, believeed the "talented tenth" of educated and successful African Americans would inspire others. Leader of Niagra Movements and founder of the NAACP. (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Washington: Gradual equality. Founded the Tuskegee Institute, vocational training. |
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| Regions of origina for immigrants |
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Definition
West Coast: China and Japan
East Coast: Southern and Eastern Europe: Italy, Poland, Slavic countries, etc. |
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| Reasons for immigration, push pull factors |
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Definition
Push: Factors that encourage people to move from an area, religious persecution, lack of economic oppurtunity
Pull: Factors that encourage people to move to an area. |
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| Ellis Island, Angel Island |
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| 70% of all immigrants entered the US at Ellis Island. Angel island welcomed west coast immigrants. |
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| Concerns over religious "muddling, anti-semitism and fear of catholic invasion, economic competition, fear of communism, anarchism |
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| Bans Chinese immigration, only group prohibited from USA |
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| Led to formation of ghettos in many cities, racial tensions grow in cities |
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| Creation of ethnic enclaves, often filled slums of cities |
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| Bad sanitation, disease, fire hazards,lack of zoning, lack of trash disposal, overcrowding. Collection of photos by Jacob Riis |
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| Belief in science, efficiency, and experts, problems could be identified and effectively solved, optimistic. |
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| Investigative journalissts who exposed the ugly underside of society |
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| Motivated americans to act at the local level for change |
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| Promote social welfare, (FDA), promote moral improvement, (Temperance), Economic reform (Labor laws), Foster efficiency |
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| 19th amendment, notable women: Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Susan B. Anthony. Paul did hunger strikes. |
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| 17th amendment, initiative (bill by people), referendum (people can vote on initiative), recall (voters can order a special election mid-term to replace an official. Secret ballots, trust busting |
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| Sherman Antitrust Act - Strengthened under TR Wilson passed the Clayton Antitrust act in 1914, and implemented the Federal Trade Commision |
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| Fire codes, more open spaces, zoning laws |
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| African Americans are unaddressed by Progressives. |
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| Reasons for American Imperialism |
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Definition
Economic- US needed new markets and access to raw materials.
Political - Control of strategic waterways/territories for shipping, refueling, defense of US interests
Moral - White Man's burden, Missionary zeal - Many americans wanted to spread Christianity |
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| Social Darwinism - Belief that the fittest of races will survive, manliness - TR believed that nations needed to exercise strength (military) |
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| Political-You can't force democracy, moral-can't force religion, economic-imperialism only benefits wealthy |
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| Taken by force by Sanford B. Dole, mid-Pacific refueling station for american steamships |
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| Taking two smaller territories under its protection |
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| Cuba is dependent on US for treaties |
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| Secured Panama independence from Columbia to build a canal |
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| Aguinaldo surrenders, but a resistance movement continues up to WWI |
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| John Hay proposes equal access to chinese markets. |
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| Cuba sides with Russia in cold war, Panama until 1999, Alasksa and Hawaii, Philippines guerilla war |
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