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| suffragist; worked to push 19th Amendment through; met with President Woodrow Wilson many times |
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| racial equality reformer; African American educator; encouraged Blacks to patiently work for racial equality by educating themselves and learning trades; founded Tuskagee University; was a consultant to many presidents concerning race relations |
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| First African American to graduate from Harvard University; urged African Americans to fight discrimination instead of submitting to it; helped form the NAACP |
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| African American author; Wrote for her magazine "Free Speech" where she spoke out against lynchings and called for boycotts of white-owned businesses and street cars (taxis) |
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| suffragist; a founder of the women's rights movement; formed the National Women's Suffrage Association |
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| President after William McKinley; trustbuster; conservationist; progressive president |
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| helped pass a law that limited child labor and working hours for women |
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| photographer and writer; took pictures of the slums that shocked the public |
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| Writer; author of The Jungle: describes terrible working conditions of a Chicago meat packing plant where immigrant workers were employed |
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| a person who worked to destroy (break up) bad trusts and monopolies |
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| gives the power to voters to remove an elected official from office |
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| when voters can vote directly on a bill or law (to pass or not to pass it) |
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| when voters can propose a bill to the legislature |
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| In 1907, President Theodore Roosevelt and Japan reached an agreement: no more Japanese workers would be allowed to enter the US; however, the wives of workers already here would be able to come and join their husbands |
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| Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 |
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| A reform in response to controlling big business. The act forbade practices such as rebates. It estab.the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the Railroads. |
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| Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 |
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| Put into effect under administration of Teddy Roosevelt. Used to break up trusts, which are businesses trying to monopolize an industry. |
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| 1913-gave Congress the power to pass an income tax |
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| 1913-required the direct election of senators by the public (spurred by problems with powerful interest groups bribing law makers) |
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| 1917-Prohibition Law passed; a ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol |
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| 1919-gave the women the right to vote in all public elections; doubled the amount of qualified voters |
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| Started by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony with the start of the NWSA (National Women's Suffrage Association); pushed for constitutional amendment to allow women the right to vote in public elections; Senaca Falls Convention of 1848 marked the first organized meeting of women desiring equal treatment |
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| crusading journalists; reporters who uncovered problems in government and big business; Theodore Roosevelt coined this term |
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| Mexican-American mutual aid groups; members pooled money to support each other with legal issues, insurance, and also to support the sick and needy |
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| Mexican-American neighborhoods |
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| Voters can remove an elected person from office |
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| When voters can directly vote in favor of or against a proposed bill or law |
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| A bill or law that voters propose to their legislature for a vote |
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| People who saw a need for reform of a social or economic condition and worked to change that condition permanently by means of government reform |
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| A political attitude held by some that favors change and reform enforced by government to change social and economic conditions of people |
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| The practice of some politicians of giving government jobs to their political supporters. Considered a system in need of reform |
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| Civil Service established in 1872. Jobs that were once given to people as part of the spoils system were now given to people based upon their qualifications and merit. Civil Servants can not engage in political activities while performing their civil service jobs. |
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| Temperance Movement/Prohibition |
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| Campaign against alcohol abuse that led to Prohibition, the ban on the sale and consumption (drinking) of alcohol |
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| An expression used by T.Roosevelt while he was campaigning to be President in the election of 1904. He was promising that all Americans would have equal opportunity to be successfull. |
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| A group of people working to promote understanding of different racial groups and fight prejudice. The League was begun in respone to the lynching (hanging) of Leo Frank. |
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