Term
|
Definition
1) Reduction in blood flow
2) Changes in the blood vessel wall
3) Increased coagulability of the blood |
|
|
Term
| What are the Vitamin K dependent clotting factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is mediated by __________. |
|
Definition
| Thrombin (which is mediated by Xa) |
|
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Term
| The extrinsic pathway of clotting involves Factor __ while the intrinsic pathway involves exposure of Factor __. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ____________ can cause megakaryocyte suppression while __________ and _________ are most common to cause platelet destruction. |
|
Definition
| Thiazide diuretics...............quinidine and quinine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A hereditary connective tissue disorder than results in vascular abnormalities (which do not affect PT or PTT). |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia |
|
Definition
| Telangiectasies replace capillaries; causes AVMs primarily in PULMONARY and MUCOSAL areas. |
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Term
| ___________ is the most common acquired coagulation disorder and results in _____________. |
|
Definition
| Vitamin K deficiency.........increased PT. |
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Term
| Heparin is reversed by _________, and Coumarin is reversed by _________. |
|
Definition
| Protamine sulfate........FFP. |
|
|
Term
| Amyloidosis causes a Factor X clotting deficiency (True/False) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mild: 5-25% of normal amount
Moderate: 2-5%
Severe: <2% |
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|
Term
| HIV is defined as having a CD4 count of less than ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated PTT in vitro but hypercoagulability in vivo! |
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|
Term
| Thrombin time tests...... |
|
Definition
| The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to cross-linked fibrin; the test can also be modified to measure fibrinogen levels. |
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|
Term
| Type II diabetes is generally resistant to ketoacidosis (true/false). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diabetics have a fasting glucose levels of _______. |
|
Definition
>126 mg/dl; normal is <110 mg/dl.
Other values for diabetics are >200 mg/dl in other tests. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) <7% good control
2) 7-9% fair control
3) >9% poor control
This test shows glycemic control over the last 8-12 weeks. Use serum fructosamine level for preceding 2 weeks (normal = 2.0-2.8 mmol/L). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receptors for advances glycation end products; recruits and activates inflammatory pathways. |
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|
Term
| Avoid dental treatment in diabetics if their blood glucose is above ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One option for a hypoglycemic diabetic with an IV in place is...... |
|
Definition
| 25-30 mL of D50 (dextrose solution). |
|
|
Term
| Dental complication of SLE. |
|
Definition
| Pulpal obliteration leading to decreased pain perception. |
|
|
Term
| Rheumatoid arthritis is strongly linked to MHC Class II antigens (true/false). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inflammatory myopathies of connective tissue diseases include: |
|
Definition
| Polymyositis (CPK and adolase levels) and dermatomyositis. |
|
|
Term
| _________ and _________ are often the primary symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. |
|
Definition
| Nasal congestion and post nasal drip. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A non-steroidal nasal spray that can prevent symptoms if given before exposure. |
|
|
Term
| Prednisone burst can be used in an acute asthma attack when SABA alone is not effective (true/false). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Need more than a rescue bronchodilator when:
1) Use quick relief inhaler more than 2 times per week
2) Have night asthma attacks more than 2 times per month
3) Refill inhaler more than 2 times per year. |
|
|
Term
| Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia |
|
Definition
| High risk of progression to SCC (70%); more common in males. |
|
|
Term
| The more differentiated the tumor, the more responsive it is to radiotherapy (true/false). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A radioprotective drug that scavenges free radicals and promotes repair of damaged DNA. |
|
|
Term
| Which three NRTIs can cause oral ulcerations? |
|
Definition
1) Didanosine
2) Zalcitabine (can also cause esophageal ulceration)
3) Abacavir |
|
|
Term
| __________ is a protease inhibitor than can cause perioral paresthesia. |
|
Definition
Ritonavir
Protease inhibitors can help induce shingles. |
|
|
Term
| Glomerular disease is a common cause of acute renal failure (true/false). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ is the most common cause of acute renal failure. |
|
Definition
| Tubulointerstitial diseases; acute interstitial nephritis (eosinophils in urine) and acute tubular necrosis (renal ischemia or nephrotoxins). |
|
|
Term
| BEANS treatment of renal failure: |
|
Definition
Blood pressure lower than 130/85
Erythropoietin to maintain hemoglobin at 10-12 g/dl.
Access for dialysis created when creatinine >4.0 mg/dl.
Nutritional monitoring
Specialty evaluation by a nephrologist when creatinine >3.0 mg/dl. |
|
|
Term
| Oral manifestations are common for renal failure patients (true/false). |
|
Definition
True
Uremic stomatitis (two forms), xerostomia, metallic taste, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ground glass bone, radiolucent giant cell lesions, metastatic soft tissue calcifications, and sclerotic bone in extraction healing sites. |
|
|
Term
| ___________ is an antibiotic that should be avoided in renal failure patients; _________ is an analgesic that is ok to give. |
|
Definition
| Tetracyclin.......acetaminophen |
|
|
Term
| ALT/AST is found primarily in the liver. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ is a very sensitive indicator of hepatobiliary disease but is not specific to the liver. |
|
Definition
| Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels |
|
|
Term
| Normal weight of serum albumin is _____. |
|
Definition
| 500g; 20 day half-life so it does not help diagnose acute liver disease. |
|
|
Term
| Hepatocellular/Necro-Inflammatory liver failure is marked by...... |
|
Definition
AST/ALT levels >5 times normal and ALP levels >2-3 times normal.
Cholestatic liver failure is marked by ALP levels >5 times normal. |
|
|
Term
| Stigmata of liver failure: |
|
Definition
1) Jaundice
2) Spider angiomas
3) Gynecomastia
4) Palmar erythema
5) Leukonychia
6) Ascites |
|
|
Term
| Which type of hepatitis develops in a superinfection? |
|
Definition
| HDV occurring on top of a HBV infection; chronicity. |
|
|
Term
| Risk of HBV infection is 10 times higher if __________ is present in the patient's blood along with HBsAg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral manifestations of liver disease include...... |
|
Definition
| Glossitis and Sjogren's-like syndrome/lichen planus (HCV). |
|
|
Term
| Limit Xylocaine to __ carpules in patients with severe liver disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Autoimmune hypothyroidism resulting in a goiter for 20-50% of women. |
|
|
Term
| Primary adrenal insufficiency is only evident when....... |
|
Definition
| 90% of the cortex is nonfunctional. |
|
|
Term
| Mild risk adrenal insufficiency requires ____mg of hydrocortisone the day of dental surgery; moderate to major adrenal insufficiency requires ____mg. |
|
Definition
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