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| You can kill an animal as long as you do not kill it, or pay someone else to kill it. |
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| The eastern philosophical doctrine of non-killing/non-violence. (Ahimsa specifically means "without injury") |
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| Western vs. Eastern Philosophies |
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Definition
Western - Beliefs are closer to the animal welfare movements; respect and car for animals, but inherent human dominion over them
Easter - closer to animal rights movement, as living creatures, animals have the right to a life without violence and servitude, etc. etc. |
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| A tradition practiced in a small town in Spain where a goat is thrown off |
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| Kindness to all living things |
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| United States Department of Agriculture Oversees implementation of the AWA |
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| Put into law in 1958 - later amended to include the humane handling of animals before and during slaughter |
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| Passed in 1641 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony - First known law to address animal welfare (the focus of Liberties 92 and 93) |
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| Passed in 1970, the business of showing, selling, and sale of horses. Also outlawed soring and established a committee to inspect horse shows |
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| The practice of purposely injuring an animal to force the horse to walk with a specific gait. The horse will walk to try and avoid the pain and the change in gait produces a smoother trot for the rider |
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| The controversial practice of putting salve-like irritating substance on the leg of a horse to bring more blood to the part, hastening nature's repair process |
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| Act of using a hot iron to burn the owner information onto the hide of cattle. Only meant to be left on long enough to remove the first few layers of skin and leave a permanent mark. Is meant to discourage stealing |
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| Animal Enterprise Protection Act |
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Definition
| Covers any business that uses animals from the terrorist actions of militant animal rights activists. This includes harsh prosecution for those caught participating in such activities. |
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| Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act |
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Definition
| The 4th Amendment to the AWA, passed in 1990, this amendment allows the secretary of agriculture to seek injuction against those violating the AWA while charges against the group are pending. Requires a holding period before sale into research, for animals in shelters, and requires receipt of animal background from animal dealers |
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| People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. The second largest animal rights group in the United States, though it does not outwardly support militants, has been known to provide legal support for those who have committed terrorist acts against animal enterprises. |
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Definition
Animal Liberation Group
Known and VERY outspoken animal terrorist group. The source of many militant animal activists. |
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| Human Society of the United States. The largest human rights organization in the United States. Use to have a more animal welfare goal, but now follows a more animal rights oriented philosophy. Has a bad history of not managing money as appropriately as one might expect. (see John A. Hoyt and Paul G. Irwin) Are NOT affiliated with Humane Society shelters. |
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| American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Founded in 1866, has a stronger focus on animal welfare than many of its counterparts, but makes absolutely traumatizing commercials. |
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| science of classifying animals |
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Definition
| Generic term for any baby camelid. (alpaca,llama) |
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Term
| East Indian Pig and European Wild Boar |
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Definition
| The primary ancestors to the modern American breeds of swine.(the full range of ancestors includes: Chinese, Neapolitan, Russian, and European. The exact combination depends on the breed) |
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Definition
| Rod-shaped bodies that come in pairs in the nuclei of cells. |
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Definition
A term used to describe the variations of gene.
I.E. a gene can have different phenotypic expression, controlled by the pair of alleles, both of which are for the same trait.
(Even simpler terms, if the gene is a pair, the allele is one half of the pair) |
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Definition
| Hereditary units found of the chormosome |
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Definition
| (ALSO called autosomes) refers to body-cells, or non-sex cells |
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Definition
| Offspring (I.E. the filial generation) |
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Definition
| Cell division of somatic cells. Results in identical diploid daughter cells |
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Definition
| The division process to create sex-cells, results in haploid cells that will later combine with another cell to create the zygote. |
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Definition
| Site of the gene on a choromosome |
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Definition
| Having different alleles for the same gene |
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Definition
| Having matching alleles for the same gene |
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Definition
| Having two sets of genes in the nuclei; the state for somatic cells. |
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Definition
| Having one set of genes in the nuclei. The state for sex-cells. The random assortment that occurs during meiosis is responsible for the variability in those genes and thus the variability in offspring |
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Definition
| The likelihood that something will happen |
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Definition
| Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis: a disorder in horse that results in random seizures. The disorder can be mild or severe, the difference depending on whether or not the horse is heterozygous for the gene, or homozygous recessive. It is an example of partial dominance. |
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Definition
| The color tone in cattle that occurs because of codominance dominance of the heterozygous gene. The hairs themselves are not intermediate in color, but are a mix of red and white creating the appearance of a lighter color. |
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| Another name for partial dominance (for the sake of this book; see HYPP) |
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| The make chromosome pair in mammals, the scientific means by which the male decided the gender (as females are XX) The inheritance of the y from the father to the son is called Holandric Inheritance |
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Definition
| The chromosome pair in female birds. Birds are different from mammals as the female decides the gender of the offspring, males are ZZ |
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Definition
| A gene whose expression is limited to the proper hormone interaction that is gender specific. Example is milk production in females. |
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Definition
| The only sheep native to North America, also known as Rocky Mountain Sheep |
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Term
| # of species that survive today |
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Definition
| 1.5 million (1% of the total amount in history) |
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Definition
| An individuals place or relative position (in society, on a subject, etc.) |
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Definition
| The study of animal behavior |
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Definition
| The study of origination, or causation |
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| The belief that the world's population will to continue to grow larger than the food supply can support unless checked by war, famine, disease, and natural disaster |
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Term
Nation with the Largest Population of Livestock:
Cattle
Chickens
Sheep
Goats
Buffalo
Camels
Swine |
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Definition
Cattle - India
Chickens - China
Sheep - China
Goats - India
Buffalo - India
Camels - Somalia
Swine - China |
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| Sex-linked condition in female cats. (only females can have the calico combination of Yy) |
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| The breeding of closely related animals, though not a close as when in inbreeding. Done specifically to promote homozygosity. |
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Definition
| The breeding of two very closely related animals to increase homozygosity. (will have both beneficial and harmful results typically |
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Definition
| Breeding sires of one breed, to the dams of another. Increase hybrid vigor |
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Definition
| The mating of animals with no common ancestors on the immediate pedigree. Increase heterozygosity and hybrid vigor |
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Term
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Definition
| Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis: a disease in horses that comes from ingesting sporocysts. Can leave lesions on the spinal cord severely damaging the horses ability to control its muscles. |
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| Okay, so I couldn't find this in the books or in lecture notes, so I googled it. On the first page there are two highly viable possibilities. One is a gene found in horses that can be tested for. The other is the Holstein Association of United States' Cattle Identification Database. Knowing Shapiro, its probably the later. |
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Definition
| The cell formed by the union of a sperm and ovum |
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| The Father of Modern Genetics; an Austrian monk who did the first definitive experiments in Genetics. Did not become prominent until much later. |
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| The first person to successfully accomplish the first documented improvement in cattle |
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Definition
| Used Blackwell's principles to develop the Shorthorn breed of cattle and the first Cattle book in 1822 |
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| The doctor responsible for Dolly, the first successfully cloned animal in 1997. |
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| The cross between a donkey and a horse, results in a odd-number of chromosomes, in other words, sterilization of the mule. |
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Definition
| The inheritance of traits (scientifically) |
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Definition
| The entirety of an organisms genetic information |
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| US Population v. World Population |
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Definition
| The United States has 5% of the World's population (yet, makes 20% of its food supply) |
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Definition
| Diagram used to determine which gene combinations will occur at fertilization. |
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Definition
| Animal Welfare Act: initially passed in 1966, one of the strongest laws protection animals in the United States. Has since been amended in '70, '76, 85, and '90 |
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| % of US population in Production Agriculture |
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Definition
| 2% out of the total US pop. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as Overdominance or Heterosis, results when the genetic combination of the offspring results in traits better than either of the parents. Only lasts for ONE generation. |
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| Hitler saw Christianity as a symptom of decay, as it did not advocate vegetarianism. |
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Definition
| Diseases that can be passed from animals to humans, examples are rabies or Lyme disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Diseases that can be passed from animals to humans, examples are rabies or Lyme disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Animals whose genetics have been modified due to the addition of a DNA sequence from another species |
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Definition
| The humane killing of an animal, a loss of consciousness followed by death - no pain |
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Term
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Definition
| A painkiller used to inhibit the feeling of pain while awake |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of lack of awareness or sensitivity, either conscious or unconscious |
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Term
| # of animals killed in shelters every year in the United states |
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Definition
| about 15 million (half of the amount that go into shelters every year) |
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Term
| CA and LA County Agricultural stats |
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Definition
| Won't post here, go look in notes |
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Term
| What are the top 5 Agriculture states? |
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Definition
| California, Texas, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas |
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