Term
| 4 factors that distinguish Primates from mammals |
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Definition
1. Locomotion
2. diet
3. Sensory trends
4. Life History |
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Term
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Definition
Anthropoidea. traditionally, the suborder includes monkeys, apes, and humans.
More advanced postorbital closure |
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Definition
| a form of locomotion in which the body is suspended beneath the hands and support is alternated from one forelimb to the other; arm swinging. |
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Term
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Definition
| traditionally, the suborder includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers. |
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Term
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Definition
| members of the order of mammals Primates which includes prosimians, monkeys, apes and humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of killing an infant to show power. |
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Term
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Definition
Males ranked individually can fluctuate alot
Females ranked by matrilines- very little movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mating system wherein a female continuously associates with more than one male (usually 3-5) |
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Term
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Definition
| using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion; the basic mammalian (and primate) form of locomotion. |
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Definition
| differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species. (e.g., humans are slightly sexually dimorphic for body size, with males being taller, on average, than females of the same population) |
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Definition
| having a diet composed primarily of fruits. |
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Definition
| tree-living; adapted to life in the trees. |
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Term
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Definition
| having a diet consisting of many kinds of foods, such as plant materials (seeds, fruits, leaves), meat, and insects. |
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Definition
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Definition
| grasping, as by the hands and feet of primates. individual control of your digits. |
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Term
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Definition
| period of sexual receptivity in female mammals (except humans), correlated with ovulation when used as an adjective, the word is spelled "estrous." |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that benefits another individual but at some potential risk or cost to oneself. |
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Term
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Definition
| GROUP OF FEMALE DESCENDANTS FROM ONE (OFFSPRING) |
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Term
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Definition
| INVOLUNTARY RESPONSES (BLUSHING, ERECTION OF BODY HAIR) |
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Term
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Definition
| THEY REMAIN IN THEIR NATAL GROUP- USUALLY FEMALE |
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Term
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Definition
| Retention of 5 digits on your hand and foot |
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Term
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Definition
| more omnivore and retention of all 4 mamalia teeth |
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Term
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Definition
Reduced reliance on sense of smell.
increased reliance on sight
Binocular-depth perception
color vision
Diurnal
nails on fingers and toes
larger and more complex brain |
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Term
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Definition
Early stages/gestation - longer
social creatures that need social groups |
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Term
| Characteristics of Prosimians |
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Definition
most primitive, changed the least
Relatively small brain, lack color vision , nocturnal, have tapetum lucidum, tooth combs, wet nose,
E.Q - 1.1 |
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Term
| What is a Tapetum Lucidum |
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Definition
Membrane at back of eye that reflects and collects all available light
Natural night vision goggles |
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Term
| What is the Encephalization quotient? |
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Definition
| allows us to compare brain size to body size. Humans have 6 |
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Term
| What is the Encephalization quotient? |
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Definition
| allows us to compare brain size to body size. Humans have 6 |
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Term
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Definition
| bone that completes eye socket |
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Term
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Definition
Lemurs only found on Madagascar
lorises found in Africa and Asia
Tarsiers found in SE Asia |
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Term
| Why are lemurs only on Madagascar. |
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Definition
Competitive exclusion
Adaptive Radiation
Arboreal Quadruped |
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Term
| What is Adaptive Radiation? |
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Definition
in absence of competitors or predators, rapid evolution of animals to fit different niches in different environments.
Ex- Darwin's Finches |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny size, Arboreal quadruped, Insectivore, solitary, nocturnal and always have twins |
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Term
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Definition
all nocturnal, 1-1.5 lbs, competing with monkeys, 2 types- loris and Galago.
Arboreal quadruped, insectivores |
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Term
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Definition
Vertical clinging and leaping- long legs.
can jump to 20-30 times their size.
they are also solitary |
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Term
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Definition
Found in SE Asia,
Tiny- weigh only few ounces,
nocturnal, vertical clinger and leapers
Fibula and Tibia fused together at ankle
Huge eyes- no tubedium lusodom |
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Term
| Tarsiers have many anthropoid traits, like what? |
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Definition
| dry nose, partial post orbital bar, single births, long gestation period. |
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Term
| Characteristics of Anthropoids |
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Definition
| larger average size and brain size, reduction in sense of smell, color vision, more generalized teeth |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Platyrhines? |
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Definition
found in Mexico to South America nose that is flat, broad, nostrils face to sides. New world monkeys
All but one species diurnal. different dental formula 2-1-3-3 |
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Term
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Definition
| The most primitive monkeys, they also have claws. |
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Term
| What are the 2 main divisions of Platyrhines? |
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Definition
| Callitrichiods and Cebids |
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Term
| What is the main difference in Cebids from other platyrhines? |
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Definition
They have a pre-hensive tail
all other primates don't |
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Term
| Catarrhines have what type of dental formula? |
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Definition
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Term
| Old World Monkeys or Copithecines have what characteristics? |
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Definition
| wildly distributed, quadropedial, no prehensive tail, all diurnal, woman undergo estrus changes |
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Term
| Characteristics of Hominoids or apes include? |
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Definition
Only live in tropical forests
larger body size, lack tails, flexible shoulders and hips, suspernsory locomotion
sexual dimorphism |
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Term
| What is suspernsory locomotion? |
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Definition
| move around by hanging underneath branches. |
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Term
| Gibbons and Siamangs or "lesser apes" |
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Definition
13-25lbs
found in SE Asia
Eat fruit- frugivory
Brachiation
monogamous |
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Term
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Definition
| arboreal locomotion in which primates swing from tree limb to tree limb using only their arms. .. |
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Term
| What type of primate is considered to be a "greater ape? |
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Definition
Orangutan
Gorilla
Chipanzee |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Orangutans? |
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Definition
found on only 2 islands
sexual dimorphism
frugivor
quadromauel- 4 handed locomotion
Solitary |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Orangutans? |
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Definition
found on only 2 islands
sexual dimorphism
frugivor
quadromauel- 4 handed locomotion
Solitary |
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Term
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Definition
Found in Rain forest of W and E Africa
Harem groups
Knuckle Walking
Largest Living Primate
Terrestrial |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 dominant male, 3-5 females |
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Term
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Definition
Found in Rain Forests of Sub-Saharan Africa
Ominverous
Termite-Fishing
Fission/fusion Groups
Hunting- other monkeys with sharpened spears. |
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Term
| What is the Human's closest living relative |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chimpanzees sharpen a stick or leaf and put it in the termite mound, wait a little bit pull it out and eat the termites. |
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Term
| What is Fusion/Fission Groups |
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Definition
| Chimpanzees practice this, the break up to hunt then come back together to share. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic interaction between biology and behavior that has evolved over time. |
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Term
Insectavory- ???
Gumnivory- ???
Frugivory- ???
Folivory- ???
Omnivory- ??? |
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Definition
Insectavory- insects
Gumnivory- trees
Frugivory- fruit
Folivory- leaves
Omnivory- everything |
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Term
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Definition
| Animals smaller than 500g are able to survive on only eating insects. |
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Term
| What determines Group Size? |
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Definition
Predation Pressure
Abundance of food
Body Size
K-selective or R-selective |
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Term
| What is k-selection mean? |
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Definition
| low birth rat, high parental investment, quality of quantity- humans |
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Term
| What does R-selection mean? |
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Definition
strategy is to have a high birth rate, low parental investment,
quantity over quality
EX-rats |
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Term
| Small body primates overview |
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Definition
insectivory or gumnivory
solitary
r-selective |
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Term
| Medium Body Primates (monkeys) |
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Definition
Frugivory or fogivory
small groups, can afford to share food for protection from predators
More k- selective |
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Term
| Large Body Primates Overview (Apes) |
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Definition
Frugivory, Fogivory or Ominvory
Solitary - fission/fusion
very k- selective |
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Term
| What are some conscious ways primates communicate? |
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Definition
gestures
vocalization- alarm calls,
Displays are used to intimidate an opponent.
Facial Expressions- blushing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is altruistic estrus? |
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Definition
| Where the females band together to protect the infant, but they expect the others to help them when they need it. |
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Term
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Definition
| fake female signals that they are sexual receptive so the male believes that they child is theirs. |
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Term
| What is the Cenozoic Era? |
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Definition
the era we live in
mammals become dominant life form
started 65 mya |
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Term
| What is the Paleocene Epic? |
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Definition
| Earliest possible appearance of primates, including purgatorius and Plesidapiforms |
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Term
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Definition
| found manndible with low rounded cusps. |
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Term
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Definition
80 different species have been identified
primate like molars
ancestors squirrel
procombant incisors- sticks forward.
no post orbital bar
claws instead of nails
not aposable and has a tail |
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Term
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Definition
Warmest period, everything had a tropical enviroment
1st true primate found-
POMA- primates of modern aspect
Adapids & Omomyids |
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Term
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Definition
larger body size
spatulate incisor- tooth broad and flat
still retain large and fang like caines |
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Term
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Definition
small body size, pointed incisors, small caines
fusion of tibula and fibia at ankle
ancesters- tarsers |
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Term
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Definition
massive extinction- 60% extinct
Cause separation of Australia and Antarctica. |
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Term
| What was significant about the Oligocene Era? (35-25 mya) |
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Definition
| saw the 1st appearance of anthropoid primates- (monkey grade) |
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Term
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Definition
found in Egypt
had a 2-1-2-3, y-5 molar
full post orbital bar
12lbs- arboreal quadraped |
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Term
| What is the Rafting Hypothesis? |
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Definition
monkeys rafted over on vegetation
Ex- Madagascar and South America. |
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Term
| Miocene "golden age of Apes" |
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Definition
| Earliest Proconsul- bigger body size, no tail, thin enamel, arboreal quadruped |
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Term
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Definition
Arboreal quad
thick enamal |
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Term
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Definition
| found in Asia, arboreal quad, face looks like orangutan |
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Term
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Definition
600-700lbs,
8ft tall
ate bamboo replaced by pandas |
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