Term
| What is a PHYLOGENETIC SCALE ? |
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Definition
| A sequence in which all living things are ordered according to their complexity. |
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Term
| What is "scala naturae" ? |
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Definition
| A classical conception in which everything in the universe was assigned a place in a strict hierarchical sequence. |
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Term
| What is the cephalization index ? |
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Definition
| A measure of the size of the brain relative to the size of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| ADAPTABILITY: Intelligence means the ability to adapt behavior to circumstances. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long lasting change in behavior that results from experience . |
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Term
| Does learning faster make one more intelligent ? |
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Definition
| No , because rats and humnas mastered a complex maze at the same speed ! |
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Term
| What study challenged the cephalization index ? |
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Definition
| The 1984 Angermeier study, that measured the number of rewards before subjects reached a consistent response rate. & human infants were actually at the bottom. |
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Term
| What are Contextual variables ? |
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Definition
| the sensory , motivational, and motor processes that influence the speed at which learning takes place , and which make it difficult to compare the intelligence of different species by studying speed of learning. |
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Term
| What is the Order that we're studying ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes a primate a primate ? |
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Definition
| no claws, rotating shoulder , locomotion is hind limb dominated, and their visual sense is highly developed ..basically sight over smell. |
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Term
| What are the four major categories of a primate ? |
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Definition
| Life history , locomotion , feeding, and neural & sensory . |
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Term
| What is our phylum, class , and order ? |
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Definition
| phlum : chordata (backbone) , class: mammals , order:primates |
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Term
| What are some of the suborders that the tarsiers are placed in ? |
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Definition
| prosimii, haplorhini, & tarsiiformes |
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Term
| What is the Taxonomic Classification "Cladistic Analysis" ? |
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Definition
| A commonly used way of lining up traits to identify close relatives among both living and fossil primates. |
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Term
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Definition
| similarity in structure in different taxa that is derived through inheritance from a common ancestor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar traits that arise in two species through parallel or convergent evolution. |
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Term
| What is Convergent Evolution ? |
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Definition
| Distantly related species converge on a similar solution to the same ecological pressure. |
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Term
| What's so weird about tarsiers? |
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Definition
| Only in SouthEast Asia , Nocturnal , and they have no tapetum lucidum ( meaning they're nocturnal, but their eyes don't glow ) . entirely carnivorous , unique spinal morphology |
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Term
| What are some prosimian traits ? |
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Definition
| Most but not all are nocturnal, rely heavily on olfactory cues , and fingers are les dexterous than those of most anthropoids. |
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Term
| Out of the anthropoidea , who are the new world primates ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Anthropoidea that are considered the old world primates ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered the most complex structure in the universe ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 external brain structures ? |
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Definition
| Cerebrum , Cerebellum, Cerebral Hemisphere, and Brainstem . |
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Term
| What's significant about the Cerebrum ? |
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Definition
| Largest portion of the brain , and it has two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum . |
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Term
| What's the whole right brain vs. left brain theory about ? ( split brain ) |
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Definition
| Basically how the left-brained individuals based things more on grammar rules , and what you can actually hear and see. The right-brained people actually have more spatial ability, and can learn and memorize on more non-verbal things such as geometric patterns. |
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Term
| What are characteristics of left-brained people ? |
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Definition
| Words letters , language sounds , verbal memory , speech , grammar rules , reading, writing , and arithmetic. |
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Term
| What are characteristics of right-brained people ? |
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Definition
| Geometric patterns, Faces , emotional expressions , nonlanguage sounds music , nonverbal memory , ( they're more on the non-verbal side . ) , emotional tone of speech , geometry , sense of direction , distance , mental rotation of shapes . |
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Term
| What are the two parts that make up the cerebrum ? |
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Definition
| the cerebral cortex and the neocortex . |
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Term
| What is considered the cerebrum's surface , where the higher brain function takes place, and is also convoluted into hundreds of folds ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex ? |
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Definition
| frontal lobe , temporal lobe , parietal lobe , and the occipital lobe . |
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Term
| What is the thin layer of cells that contains 25 billion neurons ? |
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Definition
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Term
| The thin layer of the neocortex is ___ with neurons ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the frontal lobe located , and what is so significant about it ? |
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Definition
| It's located at the very front top of the brain , and it is in charge of the higher congitive processes ,such as : problem solving , memory , judgment , social/sexual behavior , and it also has a prefrontal cortex involved with intellect , complex learning , and personality. |
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Term
| What has control of skeletal muscles , and also proves that different parts of the brain are associated with different parts of the body ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prefrontal cortex ___ , Premotor cotex ____ , and motor cortex executes ____ ? |
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Definition
| Prefrontal cortex plans , Premotor cortex sequences , and motor cortex executes actions . |
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Term
| What's significant about Phinneas Gage ? |
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Definition
| He was injured with the whole split brain thing. |
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Term
| Which lobe has sensory awareness (touch/smell/taste) , and hand-eye coordination ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is associated with the sensory portion of the cerebrum ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wernicke's Area matches what ? |
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Definition
| written words to sounds of spoken speech . |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the temporal lobe play a role in ? |
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Definition
| Perception ( esp. hearing ) , music, sexual behavior , language , and emotions . |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of ability to understand or express speech , caused by brain damage . |
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Term
| what is the occipital lobe responsible for ? |
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Definition
| controls vision and recognition . |
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Term
| What is the limbic system responsible for ? |
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Definition
| directly connects lower and higher brain functions , and regulates emotion and memory. |
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Term
| What two parts of the brain are responsible for emotion ? |
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Definition
| the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system . |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the limbic system ? |
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Definition
| Amygdala , Hippocampus , and Hypothalamus . |
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Term
| What is the Amygdala responsible for ? |
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Definition
| Feeding , memory , and emotion . |
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Term
| What is the Hippocampus responsible for ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the hypothalumus responsible for ? |
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Definition
| autonomic nervous systems , food/water intake , sleep/wake cycles , and body temperature. |
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Term
| what is considered the "Gateway to the Cerebral Cortex " , and nearly all sensory input passes through it ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the parietal lobe located ? |
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Definition
| the parietal lobe is located in the mid-back part of the brain . |
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Term
| Where is the occipital lobe located ? |
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Definition
| The bottom tip of the brain , right behind the parietal lobe . |
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Term
| Where is the temporal lobe located ? |
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Definition
| Like the inner part of the brain, below the frontal lobe . |
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Term
| What is reticular formation ?? |
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Definition
| Stereotyped patterns : walking , sleeping, turning to attend to noises . |
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Term
| What is connected to the brainstem & in charge of body movement and balance ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary control for involuntarily reflexes such as: swallowing , vomiting , sneezing , and cardiovascular activity ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the theory of homology ? |
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Definition
| anatomical structures may differ in appearance , but be derived from the same structures . |
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Term
| Regions of the brain near to one another ,tend to ..? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Allometric Scaling ? |
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Definition
| examines relationships between size and weight that deviate from an isometric scale, which demands that size and weight change at the same rate. ( basically , shape may change with size .) |
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Term
| What is the Mosaic Evolution ? |
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Definition
| Different parts of the brain can show different rates and amounts of evolutionary change . |
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Term
| What is the encephalization quotient ? |
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Definition
| Brain to body weight ratio |
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Term
| What does the primate brain place emphasis on ? |
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Definition
| sensory pathways for face and hand , reciprocal connections for hand-eye coordination , and visual systems . |
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Term
| Mammals have 6-layered what ... ? |
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Definition
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Term
| The frontal pole is best developed in ....? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is involved in longterm planning , moral decisions ,and economic choices ?? |
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Definition
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Term
| Higher primates have more inhibitory connections to ...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which animals are more proportional to us in terms of the brain ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest in humans among all primates , and what is its functions ? |
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Definition
| Dentate nucleus ; control of rapid skilled movements by the face and hand |
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Term
| What is the " Arcuate Fasciculus " ? |
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Definition
| Humans have expanded regionsn for language processing . |
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Term
| Humans & Apes have cells for rapid transmission of information not found in monkeys called ...? |
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Definition
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