ana-

Meaning: Up, upward, backward

Example: Anastomosis - a surgical connection between two structures, such as lymphatic vessels, often performed to restore fluid flow.

anti-

Meaning: Against

Example: Antigenic—relating to or characteristic of an antigen, a substance that triggers an immune response.

macro-

Meaning: Large

Example: Macrophage - a large white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens and debris.

mono-

Meaning: One, single

Example: Mononucleosis—a viral infection that increases certain types of white blood cells (monocytes) and often affects lymph nodes.

neo-

Meaning: New

Example: Neoplasm - a new and abnormal growth of tissue, often a tumor.

tele-

Meaning: Distant

Example: Teletherapy - a form of external radiation therapy where the radiation source is distant from the body.

A, An-

Meaning: WIthout, not

Example: Anoxia—the absence of oxygen in tissues.

Brady-

Meaning: Slow

Example: Bradypnea—abnormally slow breathing.

Cyano

Meaning: Blue

Example: Cyanoderma—a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, also referred to as cyanosis.

Dys-

Meaning: Difficult, painful, abnormal

Example: Dysphonia—a condition involving difficulty speaking or having an abnormal voice, often caused by issues in the larynx or vocal cords.

Endo-

Meaning: Within , inside

Example: Endotracheal intubation—the insertion of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to maintain an open airway.

Eu-

Meaning: Good, normal

Example: Eucapnia—a normal level of carbon dioxide in the blood, essential for maintaining pH balance and respiratory health.

Hyper-

Meaning: Excessive, above

Example: Hyperresonance—an increased echo heard during percussion of the chest, often indicating air trapping in conditions like pneumothorax or emphysema.

HYPO-

Meaning: Below, deficient

Example: Hypoxemia—low level of oxygen in the blood, which can impair the delivery of oxygen to tissues and organs. It is often caused by respiratory disorders such as asthma, pneumonia, COPD, or pulmonary embolism.

Para-

Meaning: Beside, near

Example: Paranasal—beside the nose.

Poly-

Meaning: Many, excessive

Example: Polysomnography—a test to study multiple aspects of sleep, often used to diagnose sleep disorders.

Tachy-

Meaning: Fast

Example: Tachypnea—rapid breathing.