Term
| What are phonemes and rimes? |
|
Definition
Phonemes: The smallest units of sound in speech (e.g., /b/, /a/, /t/).
Rimes: The vowel and everything after it in a syllable (e.g., /all/ in "ball"). |
|
|
Term
| What is the Alphabetic Principle in early literacy? |
|
Definition
| The understanding that the letters in written words represent sounds in spoken language, which is essential for decoding and encoding words. |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by Author’s Craft and Text Structure? |
|
Definition
Analyzing language choices (e.g., word choice) to convey meaning and tone.
Describing the structure of a text (cause/effect, problem/solution).
Using text features (captions, diagrams) to support comprehension.
Analyzing how different authors approach similar topics. |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of Forms and Functions of Language in supporting reading and writing? |
|
Definition
Understanding how language conventions (e.g., tone, dialect) affect meaning.
Analyzing and choosing words, phrases, and sentence structures for effect and precision.
Using language choices to enhance meaning, interest, and style in writing. |
|
|
Term
| What is phonological awareness, and how is it developed? |
|
Definition
| Phonological awareness is the understanding that words are made up of sounds, which can be detected and manipulated at different levels (phonemes, syllables, compound words, etc.). |
|
|
Term
| What are the key components of Foundational Literacy Skills in ELA for elementary students? |
|
Definition
Print Concepts – Understanding the features of print.
Alphabetic Principle – Understanding letter-sound correspondence.
Phonological Awareness – Recognizing and manipulating speech sounds.
Phonics and Word Recognition – Decoding unfamiliar words.
Fluency – Reading text with accuracy, rate, and prosody. |
|
|
Term
| How do teachers evaluate student learning in ELA? |
|
Definition
Evaluate student reading, writing, speaking, and listening to identify strengths and areas for improvement.
Classify student literacy development.
Identify patterns of thinking, misconceptions, or partial conceptions.
Provide targeted responses to student work. |
|
|
Term
| What are the key tasks involved in planning and facilitating English Language Arts (ELA) instruction? |
|
Definition
Evaluating and creating texts, examples, and graphic representations to support ELA goals.
Explaining, defining, and demonstrating ELA concepts.
Facilitating class discussions and eliciting student thinking.
Evaluating instructional strategies and activities to assess or develop student thinking. |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of counting with whole numbers up to 1,000? |
|
Definition
Count whole numbers up to 1,000 and skip count by 2s, 5s, 10s, etc.
Count on starting with any whole number.
Understand that counting connects to cardinality—the idea that the last number counted represents the total amount. |
|
|
Term
| What is one-to-one correspondence in counting? |
|
Definition
| It’s the concept that each number counted corresponds to exactly one object in the set being counted (e.g., for 3 objects, the numbers 1, 2, and 3 are assigned to each object). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subitizing is the ability to instantly recognize the number of objects in a small group without counting (e.g., instantly recognizing 3 dots on a die). |
|
|
Term
| How are larger and smaller numbers identified in counting? |
|
Definition
| Larger sets have higher counts, and smaller sets have lower counts. This helps understand the relationship between numbers and the concept of size. |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of composing and decomposing numbers? |
|
Definition
| Composing means combining smaller place values (e.g., 30 + 5 = 35), and decomposing means breaking apart larger numbers into smaller components (e.g., 75 = 70 + 5). This is useful in performing operations. |
|
|
Term
| What is the concept of fractions as part-whole relationships? |
|
Definition
| A fraction represents a part of a whole. The numerator shows how many parts are considered, and the denominator shows how many parts the whole is divided into (e.g., 3/4 means 3 parts of a whole divided into 4 equal parts). |
|
|
Term
| How do drawings and manipulatives help represent place value? |
|
Definition
| Using objects like base-ten blocks or drawing place value charts helps visualize the value of each digit in a number, assisting in understanding how numbers are structured and how to perform operations. |
|
|
Term
| How can we observe the Sun, Moon, and stars to understand Earth’s place in the universe? |
|
Definition
| We observe the positions, movements, and phases of the Sun, Moon, and stars at different times of the day and year to understand their relationship to Earth, how day and night occur, and how seasons change. |
|
|
Term
| What causes the apparent brightness of the Sun and stars? |
|
Definition
| The apparent brightness is due to the relative distance from Earth; stars that are closer appear brighter than those farther away. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of weather forecasting and how does it help in preparing for severe weather? |
|
Definition
| Weather forecasting predicts weather patterns (such as storms, temperature, and precipitation), helping people prepare for and respond to hazardous conditions like hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods. |
|
|
Term
| How do Earth’s systems (geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere) interact? |
|
Definition
| These systems are interconnected; for example, water in the hydrosphere affects landforms in the geosphere, plants in the biosphere depend on water, and the atmosphere influences weather patterns that impact life on Earth. |
|
|
Term
| What are energy and matter cycles in ecosystems? |
|
Definition
| Energy flows through ecosystems from producers (plants) to consumers (animals) and decomposers. Matter cycles through the ecosystem as organisms consume and break down organic material, returning nutrients to the soil. |
|
|
Term
| What is the concept of chronology in history? |
|
Definition
| Chronology is the arrangement of events in the order they occurred over time. It helps us understand how historical events are connected and the sequence in which they unfolded. |
|
|
Term
| How do various sources provide information about the past and present? |
|
Definition
| Historical sources include primary sources (letters, diaries, photographs, artifacts) and secondary sources (books, articles, and documentaries). Both types of sources give insights into historical events, cultures, and people, helping to build a comprehensive understanding of history. |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of indigenous peoples in North America before European exploration? |
|
Definition
| Indigenous peoples developed unique cultures, languages, and systems of governance. They had deep connections to the land, and their ways of life were shaped by their environments, including agricultural practices, trade networks, and spiritual beliefs. |
|
|
Term
| How did conflict between the American colonies and Great Britain lead to American independence? |
|
Definition
| Colonial resistance to British taxation (e.g., Tea Act, Stamp Act) and limited political rights led to protests (e.g., Boston Tea Party). Tensions escalated into armed conflict, culminating in the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the American Revolutionary War. |
|
|
Term
| What are the concepts of family and community in understanding government and citizenship? |
|
Definition
Family: A group of people who care for one another and share responsibilities, values, and traditions.
Community: A larger group of people who live together, share resources, and have mutual responsibilities, often governed by local laws and regulations. |
|
|
