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| The First Great Awakening was a |
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| religious revival that spread throughout the colonies in the earily 1700s |
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| The First Great Awakening, much like the Enlightenment, caused the colonists to question … |
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| traditional authority and power |
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| Roman catholics attempting to flee from discrimination founded the colony known as |
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| Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and borrowed Enlightenment ideas from the thinker known as |
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| The Supreme Court has the power of Judicial Review, which means that … |
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| They can decide whether federal or state laws are Constitutional or should be thrown out |
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| Blacks were disenfranchised in the South due to Poll taxes and literacy tests. What does that mean? |
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| Disenfrahnchisement=not being allowed to vote |
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| What's the difference between federal laws and state laws? |
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| Federal laws apply to the other nation and are passed by Congress. State laws are passed by state legislatures and only apply to that state. |
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| The phrase "Life, liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness" can be attributed to Jefferson. What does attributed mean? |
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| It means that person was responsible for it. |
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| The U.S. acquired a military base in Cuba after the Spanish-American war. What's an acquistion? |
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| acquisition=something you get |
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| After whites regained power in the South after Reconstruction, how did they stop Blacks from voting? |
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| Through poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses |
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| When immigrants came to America, what powerful people provided them with essential services like jobs and housing? |
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| In exchange for helping the immigrants, what did political bosses want? |
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| For immigrants to support them in elections |
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| Corruption in the cities, the rise of political bosses and robber barons, finally led to a demand for reform known as … |
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| To change something for the better. |
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| What did the Progressives want? |
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| reform society. Some wanted to reform people morally by banning alcohol, some wanted to weaken the power of big businesses, and some wanted to change politics to reduce the power of political bosses |
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| What were political machines? |
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| They were political organizations run by political bosses. They were often corrupt and stole money from the city. |
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| Progressive journalists who wanted to reveal the problems found in society in the late 1800s and early 1900s. |
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| Why was Henry Ford able to make cars so cheaply and efficiently? |
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| He used assembly lines to create cars, where every person was specialized and had 1 specific job |
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| taxes on foreign goods (imports). |
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| tariffs were used constantly before the Great Depression in order to help what group? |
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| Domestic industries and businesses. For example, a tariff on foreign cars could help boost sales of American cars. |
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| In the 1890s, American businesses and industry were consantly looking for new markets to sell things and get resources from. Name some countries we got involved in to achieve those goals. |
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| China (open door policy), Cuba, Phillippines, Japan, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Guam |
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| The Social Gospel came about in reponse to poverty and problems in the city. It's goal was |
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| to have religious americans go to the cities and help the poor and recreate society according to Christian ideas |
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| Most immigrants from South and Eastern Europe were discriminated against because of their religion. What faith were they associated with? |
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| Define "domestic industry" |
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| What candidate's religious beliefs were controversial when he ran for president in 1960? |
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| For the last 50 years, most immigrants have come from where? What religion do they tend to be? |
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| What amendment doesn't allow the federal gov't to pass laws "respecting an establishment of religion"? |
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| The 1st Amendment doesn't allow laws to be passed by Congress that "respect an establishment of religion." This is also known as the Separation clause. What does it forbid exactly? |
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| IT creates a wall of separation between church and state. Basically, the gov't isn't allowed to promote a religion. This is because the Puritans who came to America had been discriminated by the Church of England, a gov't run church. |
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| What book caused Teddy Roosevelt to promote the Meat Inspection Act? |
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| The Jungle by Upton Sinclair |
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| The Americanization movement was in response to increasing Immigration in the 1890s and 1900s. What was its goal? |
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| To assimilate immigrants and teach them English and American values. |
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| During WWI, the Espionage and Sedition Act forbid Americans from doing what? |
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| Printing anti-war material or encouraging them not to support the war effort |
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| The first Red Scare took place after WWI and targeted immigrants primarily. Why? |
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| There was a fear that they were Communists and that a revolution might occur soon. |
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| Did the U.S. sign the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations? |
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| Marcus Garvey argued that black people should |
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| This policy established equal trading rights for all the imperial powers in China |
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| In order to get a canal through Central America Teddy Roosevelt supported a revolution in |
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| "Speak softly and carry a big stick" was TR's philosophy. What did it mean? |
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| Use diplomacy, but also have a strong military and navy to back up your words |
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| The Roosevelt Corollary by TR made it so the U.S. had the right to… |
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| intervene or send troops into Central or South America |
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| Who supported "dollar diplomacy?" |
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| What is dollar diplomacy? |
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| Using economic power (like loans and financial aid) to influence countries, not the militar |
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| What president is responsible for the Meat inspection Act, the panama canal, busting the trusts and unions, and using big stick diplomacy? |
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| In the 19th century, what would happen if money was also backed by silver, and not just gold? |
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| It would cause inflation, meaning money would be worth less. |
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| When money is worth less . This is good for people who owe a lot of it, but bad for people who already have a lot of it. |
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| What's the job of the Federal Reserve (created in 1913)? |
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| Their job is to print money and monitor the economy. They can lend money more cheaply during bad economic times. |
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| Although Hoover generally is considered to have done "too little, too late" in regards to saving the U.S. economy, he's still responsible for … |
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| Creating the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which lent money to struggling banks and businesses. |
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| How did FDR try to stop another stock market crash from happening in the future? |
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| Securities and Exchange Commission, which makes companies publish accurate reports every quarter, and tries to prevent fraud |
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| "Runs" on the banks during the Great Depression destroyed thousands of banks. How did FDR try to stop this? |
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| By declaring a Bank Holiday and closing all the banks for a short time. He later passed the Glass-Steagal Act which insured people's deposits. |
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| Where did victims of the Dust Bowl go after their farms failed? |
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