Term
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Definition
| the posterior most body region of insects. |
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Term
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Definition
| An order of the Arachnida, comprising the mites and ticks. |
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Term
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Definition
| the nerve impulse that travels across the axon, in the form of electrical energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process that promotes individual survival and reproduction in an environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| the speciation resulting from a founder population and a lack of competition for resources from other organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| the force attracting unlike particles or molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| the insect male's reproductive organ, inserted into the female's bursa during copulation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ametabolism (ametabolous development) |
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Definition
| metamorphosis in which the change from immature to adult is size and sexual maturation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of an insects body structure as well as the naming of body parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory structures found on the head of insects. |
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Term
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Definition
| opening at the end of the digestive system where the wasted is flushed out. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Coloration that indicates danger or warning. |
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Term
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Definition
| An order of the Class Arachnida, comprising the spiders. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that is able to produce its own food. |
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Term
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Definition
| the long, unbranched portion of a nerve cell, along which the action potential is generated. |
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Term
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Definition
| abbreviation for Bacillus thurengiensis, a bacterium which produces a protein toxic to immature Lepidoptera, Coleoptera or Diptera when ingested. |
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Term
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Definition
| With spiders, the action of sending out a thread of silk and letting the wind carry it aloft. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the innermost layer of the integument (exoskeleton). |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of species of all living organisms on Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the distribution of organisms around the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| the action of natural enemies to lower a population of insects or mites. |
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Term
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Definition
| the matter in living organisms, resulting from the conversion of solar energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| the dominant vegetation in a region. |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduction which necessitates two parents, one producing sperm, one the egg |
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Term
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Definition
| having two generations per year. |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to an insecticide which kills a wide range of insects. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a swelling of a lymph node. |
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Term
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Definition
| the copulatory sack of female insects, into which the aedeagus is inserted during copulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a member of the Lepidoptera which is diurnal, usually colorful, and whose antennal tips are swollen. |
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Term
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Definition
| an element with six protons and six neutrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that eats other animals. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in humans, the brain and spinal cord; in insects, the ganglia in the head, thorax and abdomen. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fused head and thorax in the spiders. |
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Term
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Definition
| the appendages on the posterior of insects' abdomens, which function as sensory structures, similar to the antennae of the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| the claw-like mouthparts of arachnids. |
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Term
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Definition
| a receptor that is sensitive to chemical stimuli, used in detecting smell and taste. |
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Term
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Definition
| a polysaccharide (complex sugar) that comprises about 50% of insect cuticle. |
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Term
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Definition
| a yellowing of plant tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer layer of the insect egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| a molecular unit comprised of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| in some lepidopteran species, the pupa that lacks the silken cocoon. |
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Term
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Definition
| the silken covering over the pupa. |
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Term
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Definition
| the attraction of like particles or molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the impact on other is neutral. |
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Term
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Definition
| an assemblage of species that share an ecosystem. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| refers to an insects eye that is comprised of several to many ommatidia. |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of the Earth's continents on massive ocean floor rocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| within an experiment, a standard to which treatments are compared. |
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Term
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Definition
| the morphological similarity of unrelated organisms that live in similar climatic environments. |
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Term
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Definition
| in the human eye, the outermost protective layer, which begins to focus light; in insects, the outermost layer of an ommatidium, which functions to protect it. |
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Term
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Definition
| secretory appendages on the end of the abdomen in aphids. |
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Term
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Definition
| hook-like structures on the end of the prolegs in immature Lepidoptera, which further help caterpillars cling to surfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the insect gut which functions to store food. |
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Term
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Definition
| secretive or hidden. Referring to the ability of some insects to blend into their envioronment because of camouflaged coloration or shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| lies just beneath the cornea and helps to focus light onto the retinula cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer layer of the exoskeleton, comprised primarily of chitin and proteins, and topped with wax. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| information, often in the form of numbers recorded from an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical discovered to have insecticidal properties in 1939, and widely used during the next three decades around the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that feeds on dead plant or animal matter, or animal waste products. |
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Term
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Definition
| the accumulation of one degree of heat above a certain threshold for a 24 hour period. |
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Term
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Definition
| a belief that very small organisms are living on or under the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the neuron that receives nerve impulses from the terminal arborization of an adjacent neuron. |
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Term
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| a molecule consisting of many units of nucleotides, organized into structures called chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of arrested development, which can take place in any insect stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| the metabolic system responsible for the breakdown and processing of food. |
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Term
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Definition
| having two sets of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the more advanced members of this order, characterized by bristle-like antennae and sponging mouthparts. |
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Term
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Definition
| the more primitive members of this order, characterized by multisegmented antennae and long legs. |
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Term
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Definition
| primitive method of flying in which muscles are attached to the bases of the wings. |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to an allele, the expression of which masks a recessive allele. |
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Term
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Definition
| a male honeybee, whose sole purpose is to engage in a nuptial flight and mate with a virgin queen. |
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Term
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Definition
| high frequency sounds that organisms make in order to locate objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| specifically defines what an organism needs to survive, that is, the sum of the conditions (temperature, pH, moisture, etc.) and resources (food, water, etc.) under which it can live. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the interactions between an organism and its environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| an assemblage of species plus its non living surroundings. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sclerotized wing cover found in the Coleoptera. |
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Term
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Definition
| the developmental stage between fertilization and the immature stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| the metabolic system of hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| a parasite which lives within its host (see Parasite). |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal framework of vertebrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| a persistent and irrational fear of insects or spiders. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the layer of cells above the basement membrane; among its functions is to secrete the cuticle. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tube-like, non-musculated part of the insect gut. |
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Term
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Definition
| the protective outer covering of arthropods, consisting of basement membrane, epidermis and cuticle. Also known as the integument. |
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Term
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Definition
| a method used to test a hypothesis, which includes treatments, replications and a control. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the distal end of a chelicera in the Araneae, from where poison is injected into prey. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an organisms ability to reproduce and pass on characteristics to future generations relative to the rest of the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| the complex of food interactions among members of a community. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of entomology to settle legal issues, particularly murders. |
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Term
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Definition
| a record of a dead organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a small colonizing population, carrying a small percentage of potential species genetic diversity, expands to a very large population. |
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Term
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Definition
| In some Hymenoptera and all Isoptera, a life cycle in which the queen (and hence the colony) live for many years. |
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Term
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Definition
| a haploid reproductive cells, either egg or sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organ which is part of the insect digestive system, which secretes digestive enzymes. Analogous to the pancreas of humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of genes from one population to another |
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Term
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Definition
| a life cycle; in insects, from egg to immature to adult and back to the egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| random changes in allele frequencies; occurs usually with there are small populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of alleles present in an organism's chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| cells which give rise to gametes. |
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Term
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Definition
| an alcohol with three hydroxyl groups that is used as antifreeze by many insects to survive cold winter temperatures. Glycerol has a minimum freezing temperature of about -35 degrees (C or F). |
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Term
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Definition
| the attractive force between two objects, proportionate to mass and distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A location where an species or assemblage of species lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| a Japanese poetic style, consisting of three lines and 17 syllables, in a pattern of 5-7-5. |
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Term
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Definition
| the vestigial hindwings of the Diptera, which now resemble small knobs and are used for balance, not flying. |
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Term
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Definition
| a genetic condition in some insect species in which females are diploid and males are haploid. |
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Term
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Definition
| having just one set of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| provides a base line to explain how changes in allele frequencies lead to evolutionary change. |
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Term
| Hemelytron (-hemelytra plural) |
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Definition
| means half-hardened wing. The forewing of the true bugs (Hemiptera). |
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Term
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Definition
| the type of insect metamorphosis in which immatures resemble the adults with the exception of wings and sexual organs. See incomplete metamorphosis. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that solely eats plant material. |
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Term
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Definition
| a characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring through genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that cannot produce its own food and depends on must consume other organisms to obtain energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| the genetic condition in which different alleles are present. |
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Term
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Definition
| the type of insect metamorphosis in which a pupal stage is present, and the immature stage does not resemble the adult. See complete metamorphosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| the genetic condition in which both alleles are the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sugary waste product, commonly released by Hemiptera such as aphids, whiteflies, scales, psyllids and mealybugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals produced by endocrine cells or glands, used for internal communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism which is fed upon by a parasite or parasitoid. |
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Term
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Definition
| not water soluble, literally, "water hating." |
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Term
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Definition
| a structure found in the Acarina; on ticks it has backward facing barbs. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the mating process, by which a male and a female are locked during sperm transfer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ametabolism or hemimetabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| the more advanced way of insect flight, in which the flight muscles are attached to the thoracic body wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenomenon which occurred in 19th century England, when dark peppered moths were selected for over light moths. |
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Term
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Definition
| an insect rearing facility. |
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Term
| Integrated pest management |
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Definition
| a pest management strategy which combines elements of biological, cultural and chemical controls. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in humans, the colored, musculated part of the eye that flanks the pupil. |
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Term
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Definition
| an elemental variation which contains the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which the body cannot break down bilirubin (which is formed by the break down of red blood cells), and turns the skin and whites of eyes yellow. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in chewing insects, the lower "lip." |
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Term
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Definition
| in chewing insects, the upper "lip." |
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Term
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Definition
| an immature from the orders which exhibit complete metamorphosis (Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera), or a first instar mite. |
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Term
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Definition
| the biconvex structure in the human eye that focuses light onto the retina. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of sensory structure that captures light. |
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Term
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Definition
| 18th century Swedish naturalist, considered to be the father of organismal classification. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic changes occurring on a grand scale and over a long period of time, leading to new species. |
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Term
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Definition
| the larva of the Diptera. |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease caused by protozoa in the genus Plasmodium, and vectored by mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the insect excretory system, they function to filter nitrogenous wastes from the insect's body, analogous to human kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal characterized by feeding the young through mammary glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| the stout tooth-like mouthpart of chewing or mandibulate insects. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mammal that raises its young primarily outside of the body, in a pouch. |
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Term
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Definition
| the slender tooth-like mouthpart of chewing or mandibulate insects. |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenomenon that is an indicator of how well a group of organisms is performing on Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sensory structure comprised of cuticle, attached to a single neuron, that responds to touch, vibration or sound. |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of germ cells, which results in four haploid gametes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the arthropod transformation from egg to immature to adult. |
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Term
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Definition
| the change in allele frequency within a population.A109 |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the middle of the stomach, it contains the gastric caecae and further breaks down the food. |
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Term
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Definition
| having the colors or patterns of dangerous or poisonous animals, while not being dangerous or poisonous. |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer layer of the integument, which is shed during the molting process. |
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Term
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Definition
| the shedding of the cuticle, which takes place between stages of immature insects. |
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Term
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Definition
| A member of the Lepidoptera which is nocturnal, usually drab in coloration and whose antennae are feathery or multisegmented. |
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Term
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Definition
| having more than two generations per year. |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in an organisms DNA, which may have negative, neutral or positive consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. |
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Term
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Definition
| the collective term for predators, parasitoids and pathogens, which kill insects and mites and lower their population density. |
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Term
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Definition
| a principle proposed by Darwin which states that an organism less adapted to its environment will have lower fitness (produce fewer offspring). |
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Term
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Definition
| the cell of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and transmitting nerve impulses from one area of the body to another. |
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Term
| Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation |
|
Definition
| the principle that every object in the universe has a gravitational pull on every other object. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an immature louse (Phthiraptera). |
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Term
| Nucleotide (nucleic acid) |
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Definition
| a molecule consisting of a sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base (A,T,C or G) and a phosphate. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the part of the cell which contains the genetic material (DNA). |
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Term
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Definition
| an immature from the orders which exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| the simple eye of many insects; located on the vertex and next to the compound eyes; sensitive to light which helps the insect keep track of day and night. |
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Term
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Definition
| a subunit that makes up the compound eye; the more subunits, the higher visual acuity. |
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Term
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Definition
| a case in which eggs are deposited, characteristic of Blattodea and Mantodea. |
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Term
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Definition
| in the human eye, an aggregation of nerve cells which carry information from the eye to the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of insecticides which interferes with the transmission of information across the synapse between nerve cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the birthing strategy in which eggs are laid into the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| a birthing strategy in which eggs are retained in the female until they hatch, whereby a nymph or larva is deposited into the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| a variation on convergent evolution, in which organisms adapt to similar conditions in disparate part of the world, resulting in organismal counterparts. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism which lives on or in a host organism, and feeds on that host, typically without killing it. |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduction without males; also known as asexual reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sensory appendage on the head region of the Arachnida. |
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Term
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Definition
| an element or chemical used to kill, harm or reduce damage from a pest. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the biological and physical characteristics of an organism, based on its genotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| a biochemical produced by an individual and which elicits a reaction from a member of the same species. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the vascular tissues of a plant, which primarily carries sugars and amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| in the insect eye, the cells which surround each ommatidium and protect it from scattered light. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organ which attaches to the uterus, and in which the embryo develops |
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Term
|
Definition
| having to do with the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism which attacks, kills and devours its prey. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an organism which is fed upon by a predator. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| in Lepidoptera, outcroppings of the exoskeleton along the abdomen that help the caterpillar grasp onto plant surfaces. Not true legs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement toward the midline of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a musculated part of the digestive system which is responsible for chewing and grinding food. |
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Term
|
Definition
| in Greek mythology, a beautiful mortal woman who attained the state of a goddess and whose symbol is the butterfly. |
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Term
|
Definition
| referring to the irregular rate of evolutionary change, with long periods of slow change, interrupted by bursts of rapid speciation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the transformation stage of the holometabolous orders, in between larva and adult. |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the human eye, the aperture that regulates the amount of light by opening and closing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a class of insecticides which interfere with the nerve impulse across the axon. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the basis for how well an organismal group is performing on Earth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| referring to an allele which cannot be expressed in the presence of a dominant allele. |
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Term
|
Definition
| posterior part of the excretory system, which eliminates waste from the insect's body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In an insect or mite population, the increase in frequency of alleles which can detoxify an insecticide or miticide. |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the human eye, the membrane at the back of the eye imbedded with light sensitive cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the insect, the light receptive cell within an ommatidium. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the snout-like arrangement of the mouthparts in some insects such as the Hemiptera or mosquitoes. See proboscis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a groove formed by the mandibles and maxillae through which saliva is injected into the host. |
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Term
|
Definition
| in insects or humans, organs that secret initial digestive enzymes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the two part Latin name of a species. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a process to answer a question, involving an experiment. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| In some Hymenoptera, a life cycle in which the mated queen is the only member of the colony which overwinters. |
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|
Term
| Sensilla (sensory appendage) |
|
Definition
| a sense organ which consists of cuticle. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the presence of bacteria in the blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| female selection of a mate based on physical characteristics or ability. This leads to differences in characteristics between males and females. Also known as female choice. |
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Term
|
Definition
| referring to the lepidopteran mouthparts, consisting of paired coiled tubes which are inserted into flowers to feed on nectar. |
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Term
|
Definition
| living alone. Solitary organisms meet with members of their own species solely for purposes of mating. |
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Term
|
Definition
| cells of a body which are not involved in reproduction. |
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Term
|
Definition
| groups of organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. Species is singular and plural, and "spp." is the abbreviation for species plural. |
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Term
|
Definition
| part of the insect female reproductive system, an organ which stores sperm. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a gelatinous substance produced by the male accessory gland in insects, which protects the sperm during copulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| an appendage on the posterior end of spiders, from which silk is spun. Spiders have from four to eight. |
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Definition
| a chemical derived from the bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa, and used as an insecticide. |
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| an opening in the insect's integument that allows for gas exchange between the insects body and its surrounding environment. |
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Definition
| a single celled microorganism which has properties of both bacteria and viruses. |
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Definition
| the belief that organisms arise from dead, decaying or waste matter. |
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Definition
| the process of making a noise by rubbing two rough surfaces together. Many Orthoptera stridulate by rubbing two legs or a leg and a wing together. |
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| the needle-like modification of the mandibles and maxillae, used for piercing and sucking in insects such as the Hemiptera and mosquitoes. |
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Definition
| Movement toward the outside of the body. |
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Term
| Surface area to volume ratio |
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Definition
| the two dimensional measure on an insect relative to the three dimensional measure within. |
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Definition
| the cohesive forces between molecules that allow a liquid to resist an external force. |
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Definition
| "living together." A symbiotic relationship involves two species, which may be mutually beneficial, positive to one and negative to the other, or positive to one and neutral to the other. |
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Definition
| the gap between two nerve cells where there is an exchange of neurotransmitters. |
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| the study of the classification of organisms and also their historical relationships. |
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| a member of a parasitoid family of Diptera. |
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| the last segment of an insect's leg (analogous to the foot). |
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| a category of classification (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species). |
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Definition
| the science of naming organisms. |
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Definition
| in free fall, the point at which a falling body experiences no acceleration. |
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Term
| Trachea (plural=tracheae) |
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Definition
| a tube lined with integument that carries air within the insects' body. |
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| within an experiment, conditions which are applied to a test subject. |
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| Tympanum (plural =tympana) |
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Definition
| a type of mechanoreceptor that responds to sound waves, in the form of a membrane that is stretched like the top of a drum. |
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Definition
| a disease caused by the spirochete Rickettsia prowazeckii and vectored by the human body louse. |
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Definition
| having one generation per year. |
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Definition
| an organism which has the potential to transfer an infectious agent into another organism. |
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Definition
| the remnant of what once was; the vestige of an appendage. |
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Definition
| the inner membrane of an egg, which underlies the chorion. |
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| referring to the number of generations per year. |
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| Arabic word for a swale that collects water after a rain. |
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| the developing wings of insect nymphs.PPSC 110-People, Pests and Plagues |
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| a female honeybee whose reproductive organs are undeveloped. |
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| a viral disease vectored by mosquitoes in the genus Aedes. |
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| the part of the egg which nourished the developing embryo, consisting primarily of lipids. |
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Definition
| a cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg. |
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