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| a rapid, predictable motor response to a stimulus |
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| results from practive or repetition |
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| highly specific paths where reflexes occur |
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| Site of the stimulus action |
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| Transmits afferent impulses to the CNS |
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Definition
In simple reflex arcs, the integration center may be a single synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron
More complex reflex arcs involve multiple synapses with chains of interneurons |
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Definition
| single synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron |
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| multiple synapses with chains of interneurons |
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| Conducts efferent impulses from the intergration center to an effector organ |
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| muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to the efferent impulses (by contracting or secreting) |
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| Autonomic (visceral) reflexes |
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| activate visceral effectors (smooth or cardiac muscle or glands) |
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somatic reflexes mediated by the spinal cord
occur without the direct involvement of higher brain centers |
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Definition
| supply information to CNS about the lenfth of a muscle |
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| supply information to CNS about the amount of tension in a muscle and its associated tendons |
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| modified skeletal muscle fibers; muscle spindls consists of three to ten |
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| effector fibers of the muscle |
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| primary sensory endings of large type Ia fibers |
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Definition
| innervate the spindle center and are stimulated by both the rate and degree of stretch |
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| secondary sensory endings of small type II fibers |
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Definition
| supply the spindle ends and are stimulated only by degree of stretch |
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Term
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Definition
| arise from small motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord; maintain spindle sensitivity |
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| alpha efferent fibers of the large alpha motor neurons |
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Definition
| stimulate the extrafusal muscle fibers to contract |
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| Descending fibers of motor pathways synapse with both alpha and gamma motor neurons, and motor impulses are simultaneously sent to the large extrafusal fibers and to muscle spindle intrafusal fibers. Stimulating the intrafusal fibers maintains the spindle's tension (and sensitivity) during muscle contraction, so that the brain continues to be notified of conditions in the muscle. |
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| makes sure the muscle stays at that length |
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| patellar or knee-jerk reflex |
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Definition
| a strech reflex that helps keep your knees from buckling when you are standing upright |
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Definition
| branches of the afferent fiberls synapse with interneurons that inhibit motor neurons controlling antagonistic muscles |
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| monosynaptic and ipsilateral |
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Definition
| involve a single synapse and motor activity on the same side of the body |
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| reflex arcs that inhibit the motor neurons serving the antagonistic muscles |
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| polysynaptic Golgi tendon reflex |
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Definition
| muscle relaxation and lenthening in response to tension |
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Definition
| motor neurons in the spinal cord circuits supplying the contracting muscle are inhibited and antagonist muscles are activated |
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| initiated by a painful stimulus and causes automatic withdrawal of the threatened body part from the stimulus |
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| accompanies the flexor reflex in weight-bearing limbs and is particulary important in maintaining balance |
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| elicited by gentle cutaneuos stimulation such as that produced by stroking the skin with a tongue depressor; depend on functional upper motor pathways and on cord-level reflex arcs |
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Definition
| tests the integrity of the spinal cord from L4 to S2 and indirectly determines if the corticospinal tracts are functioning properly |
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Definition
| the great toe dorsiflexes and the smaller tows fan laterally |
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Definition
| Check the integrity of the spinal cord and ventral rami from T8 to T12; stroking the skin of the lateral abdomen above, to the side, or below the umbilicus induces a reflex contraction of the abdominal muscles in which the umbilicus moves toward the stimulated site |
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