Term
|
Definition
| (50 -54.5 C) Retains the cuticle and yellow pigmentation. Preferred for whole carcass market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (55- 60 C) Removes the cuticle so white skin, this process is much better for further processing (much better for batter/breading adhesion). |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 of the top 5 broiler producing states and indicate who is the highest broiler producing state. |
|
Definition
-GA
-AR
-AL
GA is the highest broiler producing state |
|
|
Term
| Provide the 10 steps of broiler processing in chronological order |
|
Definition
-Harvesting
-Slaughter
-Scalding
-Picking
-Transfer
-Evisceration
-Inspection
-Giblet Harvesting
-Washing
-Chilling
HSSPTEIGWC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Is not used consistently throughout processing
-Includes cut-up, debone, custom packing
-Includes margination, breading, cooking |
|
|
Term
| Describe why poultry production grew substantially between the years of 1920 and 1950? |
|
Definition
-Mrs. Wilmer Steele's establishment of the broiler industry in Delmarva
-boll weevil damaged cotton crop such that farmers in some parts of the South switched to poultry
-Jesse Jewell's vertical integration system
-poultry needed to feed soldiers in WW2 (beef and pork were rationed, but poultry wasn't)
-Chicken of Tomorrow Contest in 1948 |
|
|
Term
| some things Poultry Science deals with |
|
Definition
-Rearing of live poultry (live production)
-Processing of poultry meat
-Business management
-Animal health |
|
|
Term
| the 2 different types of chilling methods used for broiler carcasses |
|
Definition
-air chilling
-water immersion |
|
|
Term
| How do human and avian red blood cells (erythrocytes) differ? |
|
Definition
-avian erythrocytes are 1.5X larger than human erythrocytes
-avian erythrocytes have a nucleus and human erythrocytes don't |
|
|
Term
| Provide the three anatomical characteristics that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the intestine |
|
Definition
-circular folds
-villi
-microvilli |
|
|
Term
| In the spent fowl market, what is the difference between heavy mature chickens and light mature chickens? |
|
Definition
-heavy mature chickens are broiler breeders
-light mature chickens are egg layers |
|
|
Term
| advantages of hard scalding |
|
Definition
-much better for further processing (much better for batter/breading adhesion)
-easier to remove feathers |
|
|
Term
| 5 possible outcomes USDA-FSIS inspection |
|
Definition
-passed
-condemned
-viscera only condemned
-trim and reprocessing (affected parts)
-cleaning reprocessing (surface contamination) |
|
|
Term
| What is the feed conversion ratio for broilers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take before a chick becomes homothermic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The normal body temperature of an adult chicken |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The “window for fertilization” in the chicken infundibulum is around _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amount of time egg spends in infundibulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chickens need about ____ g of water per ____ g of feed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amount of time egg spends in magnum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What temperature is considered “physiological zero” for chicken embryos? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amount of time egg spends in shell gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The half-life of growth hormone (GH) is around __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are broiler breeder pullets moved into the laying house? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the outside air is at 100% humidity at 40 F, what will be the humidity when that same air comes into the house and warms to 80 F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The average processing plant processes about _________ birds each day to keep up with demand. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the incubation period for a turkey egg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mature sperm contains _____ chromosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a typical, modern broiler house’s dimensions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When considering the cost of poultry production, feed cost contributes _______% of the overall production cost. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of a typical broiler diet contains corn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amount of time egg spends in isthmus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is feed withdrawn prior to harvesting for the processing plant? |
|
Definition
| 8-12 hours before slaughter |
|
|
Term
| Approximately ______ billion broilers are processed each year. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ and ____________ are the two main proteins involved in muscle contraction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____________ is a circulatory system whose function include respiration, digestion and waste removal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proper ventilation minimizes respiratory tract damage from _________ and reduces levels of bacterial and aerial endotoxin exposure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _______________ forms a sac that fills with fluid which the embryo floats and provides for a shock absorbing environment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does LAPS kill the bird? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The talpid 2 mutation that demonstrated chickens have a nonfunctional genetic pathway to produce teeth is an example of a(n) ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ action is when hormones are secreted and act on the same cell that secreted them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a top primary breeder operation?
Tip Top Poultry
Avigen
Pilgrim’s
House of Raeford |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which section of the feather is used in feather rendering for production of feather meal, diapers or flower pots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the feather can be rendered to make a variety of products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did agricultural experts in the early 1900s believe that poultry would never become a large commercial industry? |
|
Definition
| Because farm women depended on poultry for their spending money, it would remain a side business |
|
|
Term
| Why can Gainesville, GA claim the title of “Poultry Capital of the World”? |
|
Definition
| Because it is the birthplace of vertical integration |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT true of poultry as compared to mammals? |
|
Definition
| Bird bone are relatively heavy to aid in stress associated with flight. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the majority of heat in a broiler house come from when the birds are 6 weeks of age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of minimum ventilation? |
|
Definition
| Bring air across the ceiling to increase its temp and lower its humidity before dropping it to the floor on the birds. |
|
|
Term
| Small feathers often found around the eyes and mouth are called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ and _____________ are needed for contraction of skeletal muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ are the primary sites where gaseous exchange and delivery of nutrients occurs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NFE (nitrogen-free extract) can be used to classify _________ in feed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where will you find the highest temperature in the broiler house? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is present in each chicken egg there are two twisted membranous strips that help keep the yolk centered as it transverses the oviduct. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the oldest known chicken fossil showing evidence of early domestication recently found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All steroid hormones share this commonality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What poultry breed type is associated with the “giant Chinese chickens” that came to England in the 1880s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the number 1 employment area in the processing plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bile produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder has the function of... |
|
Definition
| Emulsifying lipids to aid in digestion |
|
|
Term
| Broilers will eat to primarily fill their __________ needs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ is most common form of killing the broiler in US, while ________ is the most common form in Europe. |
|
Definition
Exsangunation
Electrocution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FCR = (lbs feed consumed / lbs of live weight gained) |
|
|
Term
| Bile salts are stored and concentrated in the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KFC would prefer their chicken undergoes this process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythrocytes contain this oxygen binding molecule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypothalamus-anterior pituitary-adrenal axis |
|
Definition
Hypothalamus → CRH → Anterior Pituitary → ACTH → Adrenal Gland → Cortisol
cortisol inhibits ACTH and CRH |
|
|
Term
| The nest boxes and female feeders in a broiler breeder house are located ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the broiler breeder ovary if they are over-fed? |
|
Definition
| Increases the number of hierarchical follicles. |
|
|
Term
| These two hormones are secreted by the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In broiler breeders, what is “spiking” the flock? |
|
Definition
| Introducing new males into the flock |
|
|
Term
Which of the following companies is a major turkey producer?
Koch
Wayne’s Farm
Jennie-O
Arbor Acres |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is credited with developing the concept of vertical integration in the US poultry industry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___________ layer covers the inner lining of the gizzard and protects it from the acidic secretions of the ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A surge of this gonadotrophin, _________, occurs about 4-6 hours prior to ovulation in birds (23 hours in humans). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might a company choose to pack product in “dry ice snow” vs “ice packing”? |
|
Definition
| Less messy, longer shelf life, lighter |
|
|
Term
| ___________ cells in the testes are more responsive to LH, while __________ cells in the testes are responsive to FSH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mucus physically traps microbes and contains _________, a protein that can destroy bacterial cell walls. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ marks the demarcation between the jejunum and the ilium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name given to poultry bones that supply a source of calcium for egg shell development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific name for the turkey? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which embryonic layer gives rise to muscles, bones, blood and the reproductive system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main job of a broiler producer is to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This Act in 1862 and 1890 established colleges for the teaching of agriculture in each state. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following states is a major turkey producing state?
Washington
Idaho
New Jersey
North Carolina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chickens that have been killed, bled and had the feathers removed are known as _____________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The advantage of using fish meal in the diet of layers is that the egg will be fortified with _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone that binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Virgin birth or ____________ is known to occur in some varieties of turkeys. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term “par-fried” means... |
|
Definition
| Partial frying – used to set breading/batter without fully cooking |
|
|
Term
| The foramen triosseum is an opening through which the tendon of the __________________ passes to raise the wing during flight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What process in the processing plant once required a lot of manual labor but is now fully automated and done by machines. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a type of bird that can produce crop milk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Poultry bones that are directly involved with the respiratory system are called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portions of the carcass not normally consumed by humans |
|
|
Term
| Why is feed withdrawn from broilers before slaughter? |
|
Definition
| Primary goal is intestinal emptying (ZERO tolerance for visible fecal material going into chiller…all carcasses would be condemned) |
|
|
Term
| _______________ are the tracts of skin where feathers reside, whereas featherless areas are called _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____________ takes deoxygenated blood from the __________ to the lungs. |
|
Definition
Pulmonary artery
right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → ______ → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________ is thought to be the major common ancestor to all domesticated chickens, but _____________ may have contributed the ability for our modern broilers to incorporate yellow pigmentation into the skin |
|
Definition
Red Jungle Fowl
Grey Jungle Fowl |
|
|
Term
| This poultry company currently has an ad campaign against the “no antibiotics ever” movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ is the functional unit of skeletal muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This Act in 1914 established the cooperative extension service with land grant universities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following muscles are responsible for peristalsis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lack of _____________, make it difficult for birds to swallow without the aid of gravity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “Harvesting” in terms of the processing of poultry refers to |
|
Definition
| Taking birds from the chicken house and placing them in “dump coops” |
|
|
Term
| What attaches muscles to bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is broiler house “litter”? |
|
Definition
| The bedding placed in the before chicks arrive |
|
|
Term
| Why does green muscle disease occur in broilers? |
|
Definition
| The green color is produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin and myoglobin to bile salts. |
|
|
Term
| The ____________ secretes a hormone that increases the body’s metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes and stimulates the development of the nervous system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why limit the pullets for 8 hours of light during rearing? |
|
Definition
| To prevent pullets from reaching sexual maturity too early |
|
|
Term
| A mature turkey male is called a __________, while an immature male turkey is called a _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who inspects the birds in the processing plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What policy change is a result from the Veterinary Feed Directive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This measurement is often used to assess the effect of pre/pro biotics on intestinal health. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the US, this is the most common method for chilling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Today’s modern broiler chicken is basically a cross between |
|
Definition
| White Plymouth Rock and White Cornish |
|
|
Term
| These two muscle myopathies have been increasing over the past 10 years and are of increasing concern for the poultry industry. |
|
Definition
Woody Breast
White Striping |
|
|
Term
| Which chromosome pair best represents a hen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the ovum has been fertilized it is now called a _________, which has all ______ chromosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amount of time egg spends in vagina |
|
Definition
| a few minutes; maybe 30 sec to 1 min |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of albumen to egg |
|
|
Term
| What is natural passive immunity in birds? |
|
Definition
| antibodies from the egg yolk and/or bird milk |
|
|
Term
| an example of natural passive immunity |
|
Definition
| antibodies from the egg yolk and/or bird milk |
|
|
Term
| an example of artificial passive immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → ______ → systemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → ______ → aorta → systemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What process in turkey breeding is used that is different from broiler breeders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why could someone say that it isn’t GH that is stimulating the growth it is mostly due to IGF-1? |
|
Definition
| because IGF-1 leads to growth via hypertrophy (growing cells larger) and hyperplasia (mitosis, proliferation). |
|
|
Term
| Why does the starter diet have a lower ME than the finisher diet in broiler production? |
|
Definition
because the starter diet has a higher protein content, lowering the fat and carbohydrate content
since protein is less energy dense than fat, this reduces the amount of metabolizable energy (ME) in the starter diet |
|
|
Term
| Why must artificial insemination be used with turkeys? |
|
Definition
| because turkey breasts are too big for them to mate naturally |
|
|
Term
| how amino acids get absorbed into enterocytes |
|
Definition
| by way of the sodium-amino acid co-transporter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carcass that has had its giblets removed; WOG stands for "without giblets" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chickens pecking at each other such that the ones being pecked at lose some feathers; redirected foraging behavior |
|
|
Term
which bone is number 24?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is long thought to be thought of as the initial reason for the domestication of poultry? |
|
Definition
| cock fighting/entertainment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects shell gland to cloaca |
|
|
Term
| Feathers associated with flight are called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what day of age does the chick heart begin to beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why have hocks or chicken feet become important to Georgia poultry integrators? |
|
Definition
| demand for it in China and other Asian markets |
|
|
Term
| Provide the chronological order of the small intestines |
|
Definition
duodenum --> jejunum --> ilium
DJI |
|
|
Term
| function of egg shell gland |
|
Definition
| egg plumping, shell deposition, pigmentation and cuticle addition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| engulf ovulated ovum and site of fertilization |
|
|
Term
| Sperm in humans are stored in the __________________, while in the rooster most of the sperm are stored in the __________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common link for vitamins A,D,E and K? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which bone is number 22?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which bone is number 14?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______________________________ is the connection between the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus, while ____________________ is the connection between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary. |
|
Definition
hypothalamo hypophyseal PORTAL system
hypothalamo hypophyseal TRACT |
|
|
Term
| ______ → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
|
Definition
| inferior and superior vena cava |
|
|
Term
| Trace the flow of blood through the heart as it enters the heart from the systemic circulatory system, travels to the pulmonary circulation and finally leaves the heart in a return to the systemic system. (draw this!) |
|
Definition
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
|
|
Term
| advantages of water immersion chilling |
|
Definition
| it increases product moistness |
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → ______ → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
|
Definition
| left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) |
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → ______ → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → ______ → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______________________ is a breed from the Mediterranean class that has become a prolific layer and is responsible for the vast majority of table eggs in the US. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________ is considered the critical fatty acid in poultry nutrition. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → ______ → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
|
Definition
| lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) |
|
|
Term
| How do migration fences increase the efficiency of production in the house? |
|
Definition
| making the bird density in the house more uniform |
|
|
Term
| What are some measures that can be taken to reduce green muscle disease? |
|
Definition
measures to reduce wing flapping, such as...
-reduce amount of entry/exit in house
-look for stressful stimuli |
|
|
Term
| What is a good, cheap and efficient way to estimate the amount of feed consumed in a poultry house? |
|
Definition
| measuring the amount of water consumed, because chickens tend to drink 2 grams of water for every 1 gram of feed they consume |
|
|
Term
| an example of natural active immunity |
|
Definition
| memory cells as a result of sickness |
|
|
Term
| an example of artificial active immunity |
|
Definition
| memory cells as a result of vaccination |
|
|
Term
| Provide two “critical” amino acids that need to be accounted for when formulating poultry feed: _____________________ and _______________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might one predict that feather pecking has a potential to increase over the next 10 years in with laying hens? |
|
Definition
| might increase due to "cage free" movement; chicks more likely to feather peck when cage free |
|
|
Term
| ________________________ is the oxygen binding protein predominately found in dark meat muscles of the chicken (give the meat its deeper red color). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________________ is superficial, large breast muscle that powers the down stroke of the wing, while the comparatively smaller ________________________ muscle powers the up stroke of the wing. |
|
Definition
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor |
|
|
Term
| ___________________ is the protease that is secreted by the proventriculus and starts the process of protein digestion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________________ is a fluid filled, thin membrane that surrounds the heart and allows it to beat in an environment with reduced friction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| advantages of soft scalding |
|
Definition
| preferred for whole carcass market |
|
|
Term
| Who was the first president to make pardoning of the turkey offered by the National Turkey Federation official presidential policy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how vertical integration works in the poultry industry |
|
Definition
process in which a single company owns 2 or more stages in the supply or value chain (e.g., production and processing) with a common management control
[image] |
|
|
Term
| the hormone that stimulates the production of crop milk in pigeons and flamingoes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which bone is number 21?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → ______ → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → ______ → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → ______ → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
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Definition
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Term
which bone is number 13?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| advantages of air chilling |
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Definition
| reduce cross contamination |
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Term
| one advantage associated with beak trimming in broiler breeders |
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Definition
| reduced pecking related injury |
|
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Term
| one disadvantage associated with beak trimming in broiler breeders |
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Definition
| removes beak tip such that it can become harder to eat |
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Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → ______ → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
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Definition
| right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) |
|
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Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → ______ → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → systemic |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________________ sets in shortly after death and causes muscles to be stiff and stay in a contracted state. |
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Definition
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Term
which bone is number 15?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| site of egg formation and path of sperm migration |
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Term
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Definition
| site of inner and outer egg shell membrane deposition |
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Term
| What secondary sexual characteristic on male turkeys has an important role in both intra- and intersexual selection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is natural passive immunity important for broiler breeders? |
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Definition
| so that chicks have immunity to specific diseases |
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Term
| _____________________ are the male gonadal stem cells that allows for spermatogenesis to be a continuous process in the seminiferous tubules of the rooster. |
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Definition
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Term
which bone is number 27?
[image] |
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Definition
|
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Term
| inferior and superior vena cava → RA → right atriventricular valve (tricuspid) (lub) → right ventricle → pulmonary valves (dub) → pulmonary artery → lungs (picked up O and discharged CO2) → pulmonary veins (R&L) → left atrium → left AV valve (bicuspid, mital) (lub) → left ventricle → aortic valves (dub) → aorta → ______ |
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Definition
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Term
which part of the bird's leg is number 13?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ is where sperm are produced in the rooster. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following proteins would require a transport protein while in the blood?
LH
Testosterone
Oxytocin
Insulin |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happened in 1948 that contributed greatly to the genetic stock of modern broiler production? |
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Definition
| the Chicken of Tomorrow Contest |
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Term
| Commercially, _________________________ is the only commercially important turkey variety. |
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Definition
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Term
| How are breeder roosters prevented from eating hen feed? |
|
Definition
| the female feeders, located at the slats, have bars that are too narrowly spaced for the heads of the males, but wide enough for the heads of the females |
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Term
| How are breeder hens prevented from eating rooster feed? |
|
Definition
| the male feeders are located in the scratch area at a height that’s too high for the females to reach |
|
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Term
| Provide one benefit of the secretions from the uropygial (preen) gland gland |
|
Definition
| they can be used to waterproof the feathers |
|
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Term
which bone is number 29?
[image] |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of scalding? |
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Definition
| to loosen feather for easier feather removal |
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Term
| _____________________ is an enzyme in raw soybean meal that can significantly compromise amino acid absorption and growth in broilers. |
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Definition
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Term
which bone is number 12?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________________ is an external gland located on the dorsal side of birds. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ is where sperm are stored in the rooster. |
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Definition
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Term
| You are a manager of a poultry production facility and you noticed that broilers from one of you farms have a high incidence of hock burns. What would you look out for as a potential contributing factor when you visit the house? |
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Definition
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Term
| something that contributes to yellow coloration in poultry skin and egg yolk |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Diagram the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis and provide the different hormones that are released. On the diagram be sure to show both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of the hormones in the reproductive axis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Provide the process of protein digestion from the release of trypsinogen into the duodenum to the absorption of amino acids into the enterocytes. For full credit, make sure you include the activation of the proteases (zymogens) and their absorption into the enterocytes. (draw this!) |
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Definition
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