Term
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Definition
| Controlling body position in space for stability and orientation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments and the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The area of the body in contact with the support surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to keep the vertical projection of the center of mass within the limits of the base of support. |
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Term
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Definition
| Center of the distribution of total forces applied to the support surface. Represents the average location of the forces. |
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Term
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Definition
| Boundaries within which the body can maintain stability without changing the base of support. Determined by velocity of movement and location of COM. |
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Term
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Definition
| Velocity, position of COM, muscle strength, ROM, fear of falling, perceived stability and environment all contribute to this |
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Term
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Definition
| Unexpected postural disturbance, compensatory or reactive. Sensory triggers. |
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Term
| Feedforward (Anticipatory) Posture Control |
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Definition
| For expected posture disturbance, prior to voluntary movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| body sways or pivots from the ankle. Distal to proximal activation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body bends forward or backward and hip moves in the opposite direction. Proximal to distal activation. Used more on narrow surfaces, soft surfaces, or during larger perturbations. |
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Term
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Definition
| taking steps or grabbing things to maintain posture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controlled from the hips and trunk. |
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Term
| Multidirectional Stability |
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Definition
| Synergies are flexible, each muscle belongs to more than one synergy, each muscle has a unique weighting factor. |
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Term
| Brainstem control of Posture |
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Definition
| Regulation of tone; integration of sensory information; contributes to anticipatory posture control for voluntary movements. |
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Term
| Anticipatory Posture Adjustments |
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Definition
| Posture muscles activated prior to the prime movers. Increase with increased movement magnitudes and speed. Practice can affect the timing. Reduced when support is given. |
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Term
| Basal Ganglia-Cortical Loop |
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Definition
| Controls postural set, ability to modify the posture muscle activation patterns to changes in the task or environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls the adaptation of postural muscle activation amplitudes (scaling) in response to changes in task and environment. |
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Term
| Sensory Contribution to Balance |
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Definition
| Vision, Somatosensory, Vestibular |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease performance in either task because of limited capacity in information processing to handle both task simulatneously. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental processes by which the brain manipulates information that is generated internally or externally. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex cognitive processes, abstract, executive function. Working memory and attention. Self awareness and self recognition. |
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Term
| Impaired Executive Function |
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Definition
| Problems with apathy, lack of goals, lack of behavior flexibility, difficulty making decisions. |
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Term
| Damage to cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuit |
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Definition
| Difficulty planning, initiating, monitoring, maintaining behavior; social judegement impaired; apathetic and lack insight. |
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Term
| Abnormal processing in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuit |
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Definition
| Understanding of others (empathy), beleifs and intentions impaired. paranoria, delusions. |
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Term
| Components of limbic system |
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Definition
| Orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus, amygdala, septal area, hypothalamus, parts of thalamus. |
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Term
| Functions of Limbic System |
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Definition
| MOVE: Memory/Motivation; Olfaction; Viseral (thirst, hungery, endocrine, ANS); Emotion (self concept, body image, socail skills, opinions). |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of the amygdaloid complex and anterior hippocampus. REstless-over responsive; hyperorality, sexual hyperactivity; aggressiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| Left parietotemparal cortex; comprehansion of spoken word; reading/interpretation of symbols |
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Term
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Definition
| Left frontal lobe; provides instruction for language output including motor plans for speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cannot understand spoken language. Normal fluency, impaired repetition, often casued by left MCA inferior infarct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cannot articulate speech, normal comprehension. Impaired fluency, impaired repetition, superior MCA infarct. |
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Term
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Definition
| pt has impaired fluency, impaired comprehension, impaired repetition, seen in large MCA infarct. |
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Term
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Definition
| normal fluency and comprehension, impaired repetition, paraphasia. Damage to neurons connecting Broca and Wernike. |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to CN 9,10,12. Breathy soft speech. Paralyzed vocal cords. |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to upper motor neurons of CN 9,10,12. Harsh, awkward speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interruptions in speech cadence and volume (Diane Rehume). |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct responds to thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli. Indirect response to chemicals released by damaged tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Faster, free nerve ending, myelinated, small. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slower, unmyelinated, free nerve ending |
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Term
| Lateral Pain System (Spinothalamic tract) |
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Definition
| Localize the site, timing and intensity of tissue damage. Faster. |
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Term
| Medial Pain System (spinolimbic and spinoreticular) |
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Definition
| Emotional, motivational and cognitive response to pain. Meaning of pain, learning. |
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Term
| Sensitization of Nociceptors |
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Definition
| With intense repeated or prolonged stimuli appied to damaged or inflamed tissues threshold for triggering decreases and frequency of firing increases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Referred pain, in spinal cord the nerve fibers carrying somatic sensation meet, brain can't tell if from skin or nociceptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased sensations can cancel out pain signals |
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Term
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Definition
| Level 1: Periphery (asprin) Level 2: Dorsal horn (endorphins) Level 3: Fast acting neuronal descending (endorphins) Level 4: Hormonal (hypothalamis, adrenal medulla) LEvel 5: Cortical (distraction) |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic pain from damaged myelin, increased ion channels, increased sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| Cross-talk between neurons that are demyelinated |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive responsiveness of CNS pain system |
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Term
| Structural Reorganization |
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Definition
| decrease in C fiber terminals, increased in A fiber terminals |
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Term
| Altered Top-down Modulation |
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Definition
| DEcreased antinociceptive signals, increased pronociceptive signals, could be genetic |
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