Term
| What three issues were important to the founding fathers of Confederation? |
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Definition
Political Deadlock
Establishing a trade consortium
Common Defense of each other |
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Term
| What was the Charolettetown Conference? |
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Definition
A maritime union (Nove Scotia, New Brunswick, PEI, and Newfoundland) formed to discuss a union of British Territories visited by the united province of Canada.
Upper and Lower Canada (Quebec and Ontario) crashed the maritime party in the plan to become something bigger. (Charlottetown conference 1864).
First time in what appears to be an orderly, coherent discussion. |
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Term
| Define Political Deadlock |
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Definition
| The government of Upper and Lower Canada was Led by a double majority, that meant they needed 50% + 1 on both sides to approve legislation.
Dual prime ministers (Macdonald and Cartier)
When legislation fails to pass the government falls. |
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Term
| What was the Quebec Conference? |
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Definition
| Quebec conference talked about the nuts and bolts of running a country
They agreed on having a house of commons to represent the population (rep by pop) Ontario would have the largest. NB to have the smallest.
They agreed on a ‘federal level of government”.
They agreed on having a senate where it would be equal. |
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Term
| What was the London Conference of 1867-1868? |
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Definition
London Conference 1866-1867
Discussion between British parliamentarians and Canadian delegates. This is where the language of the British North America Act (1867) is formed into our constitution (the hither toos and wherefores are added). |
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Term
| What was the difference that Red River experiences as opposed to the rest of the provinces of Canada? |
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Definition
| This was not a colony, but actually a company. So it is all controlled by the federal government. It is a big problem for those who live there. |
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Term
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Definition
Ontarians were interested in this [development in the West] from the get go and wanted development for themselves. They feel the deserve the west because they want it “Canada first”. Some go to Red River and are arrested for flouting the authority of the provisional government.
Thomas Scott, one of those arrested, is executed and Riel is held responsible. Scott was not a good prisoner. So they shot him. That was the mistake that Riel’s government made. |
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Term
| What did the BNA act (1867) do? |
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Definition
| The BNA act (1867) imposed powers to the nation on a federal and provincial basis. |
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Term
| How were the powers of the BNA Act divided? |
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Definition
| The BNA act (1867) imposed powers to the nation on a federal and provincial basis. |
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Term
| What were some of the Federal Powers? |
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Definition
Defense
Native Affiars
Banking
Mint
Judicial Committe of the Privy Council (JDCC) |
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Term
| What was the role of the Judicial Council of the Privy Council? |
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Definition
| Resolves all Empire Disputes |
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Term
| What were the Provincial Powers? |
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Definition
“Health Care”
“Social Services”
Education
Direct taxation (Income Tax)
Insurance
Small Business Commerce
Asylums
Institutes for degenerates
Poor Houses. |
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Term
| Why did Canada Create the Supreme Court? |
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Definition
| 1875 – Canada creates Supreme Court to offer Domestic (National) rulings. |
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Term
| What is the significants of July 1, 1867? |
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Definition
| July 1, 1867 was the celebration of the anniversary of the institution of Canada but not really the creation of the nation. |
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Term
| What was the 'upside' for BC to join confederation? |
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Definition
| In 1870, Victoria BC started to consider being part of Canada and wondered, “What should they [BC] get for joining”. The new country would assume the debt incurred by BC. Ottawa would be to take on infrastructure costs. They wanted a way to be more directly connected with the country |
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Term
| Who negotiated the deal to bring the railway to the west? |
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Definition
| Georges Etienne Cartier (Quebec Conservative “bleus”) negotiated quite enthusiastically with BC including building a Railway to the west. The Railway was to start within three years and finish within ten years. |
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Term
| What was the "Treaty of Washington" 1871? |
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Definition
| The Treaty of Washington (Washington Conference) complaints settled between the US and Canada that were held over from the Civil War. Present are five seats from US, Five seats from Great Britain – One seat was given to Sir John A. Macdonald. Things that choked the US were: 1st US still chocked that Britain builds the war ship called the “CSS Alabama” and they sold it to the south. The US wanted reparations. 2ndThere were also some border issues. 3rd matter was fishing rights. Americans still want to fish in the Maritimes. |
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Term
| Why did the Metis want Louis Riel to come to the Northwest Territories? |
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Definition
| Louis Riel – figured out how to get Manitoba (Red River Rebellion) into Canada, so the Metis hoped he would do the same for them. There were problems developing in Saskatchewan and the then NorthWest Territories similar to those in Red River years earlier. The Railway is going through their land and could be a chance for prosperity. They were a territory owned by Canada but no real rights. They need a provincial government to speak for them. They needed land protection and rights. |
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Term
| What was John A Macdonald's National Policy? |
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Definition
| Increase Immigration
The Railway would be completed
High tariffs (border taxes) barrier |
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Term
| What was the major economic theme of the 1880s? |
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Definition
| In latter half of 1800’s Industrialization is moving in full swing |
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Term
| What were the four Industrial Facilitators of the 1880s? |
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Definition
Railways
Power and Energy
Investment
Mining |
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Term
| Describe the consequences of the growth of the suburbs in 1880's. |
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Definition
| Factories grew up in the hub of a city or area. In some areas, suburb areas grow for the wealthy as a place to escape. Land was cheaper away from down town so industry would grow up there. Sometimes the middle class move out of town. Working class works 50 – 70 hour week so the want to live closer to the factory. |
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Term
| What was the social problem created by the growth of the suburbs in the 1880's? |
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Definition
| This form encouraged the segregaton of classs. Problems include Poverty, people live in close proximity with each other. Because social reformers are so important we will look at them closer later. The Canadian gov’t look poverty through a royal commission in 1889. |
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Term
| What two political parties were firmly established in the 1890's and who led them? |
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Definition
Conservative Party - Sir John A. Macdonald
Liberal Party - Alexander MacKenzie |
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Term
| What three factors lead to the nation's feeling of security in the 1890s? |
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Definition
Development and Expansion created Economic Security
Economic Security led to strong trading partners
Canada survived its largest threat (the Riel Rebellion) and stayed together. |
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Term
| What influenced changes in social policy and beliefs in the 1800's in Canada? |
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Definition
| Charles Darwin's "Origin of the Species" is inadvertently the start of the social gospel movement. In particular the notion of the "survival of the fittest". |
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Term
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Definition
| Salem Bland was a Methodist minister (church most actively involved in Social Gospel) and he coined the phrase new Christianity. “The old Christianity…wilderness of woe”. Christianity became active and became involved in their activity of cleaning up society. |
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Term
| What were Two main things coming out of the social gospel movement of the 1890's? |
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Definition
1. women could gain more power by having the right to vote
2. Social Gospel reforms would continue and grow. |
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Term
| Define Imperialist as it applies to government in the 1890's. |
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Definition
| Imperialists – English, some military background typical personnified as those who wish to maintain ties with England. |
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Term
| Define Nationalist as it applies to government in the 1890's. |
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Definition
| Nationalists – Saw Canada’s future as independent and separate from Britain and U.S. Nationalists tended to be people who lived in Canada longer. Most francophones would have been Nationalists. |
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Term
| Define Nationalist as it applies to government in the 1890's. |
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Definition
Nationalists – Saw Canada’s future as independent and separate from Britain and U.S. Nationalists tended to be people who lived in Canada longer.
Most francophones would have been Nationalists. |
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Term
| Define Continentalist as it applies to government in the 1890's. |
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Definition
| CONTINENTALISM
Originally associated with the American vision of a ‘manifest destiny’ of the United States to occupy the whole North American continent. |
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Term
| What was the "Sunny Way"? |
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Definition
The Liberals led by Wilfred Laurier, says if elected he would take the “sunny way”.
Laurier’s approach, the moderate, was to compromise without re-writing legislation.
He walks the line between nationalists and imperialists. |
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Term
| How did Canadains represent themselves during the Boer War? |
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Definition
Canadians who would volunteer to fight in the South Africa (Boer War) would go with the British and not as a Canadian Expeditionary forces.
Many of the regiments were entirely funded by individual and not as a Government. |
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Term
| Who led Canada during the First World War? |
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Definition
| Prime Minister Robert Borden, 1911 - 1920
Came into power after beating Wifred Lurier 1896-1911 (Sunny Days campaign)
Borden was a strong imperialist.
And used those credentials to get into power. |
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Term
| What World War One battle was of marked significance to Canada? |
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Definition
Ypes was the first indication that Canadians were successful fighters. Canadians never lost a trench or failed a campaign.
This was a chance for Canada to prove its glory as a key member of the British Empire. Canada would rise to the challenge of the Imperialists. |
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Term
| What was the "Shell Committee" and the Imperial Munitions Board"? |
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Definition
Col. Sam Hughes set up the Shell Committee to organize Arms factories. In particular the made shells, weapons, uniforms, food,
The shell committee was replaced by the Imperial Munitions Board under the leadership of Joeseph Flavelles. It was not a militage organization and he was very autogratic. |
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Term
| What is the proper name of conscription as it regards to World War One? |
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Definition
| Military Services Act of 1917 |
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Term
| Why did the people of Quebec oppose the Military Serivces Act of 1917? |
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Definition
| Quebec opposed conscription because there were no family ties in Quebec to either Britian or France. And because English Canada turned the military service act as a tool against Quebec, so that Quebecers could take English place on the fields of France. |
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Term
| What happened to Borden's conservative party in 1917? |
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Definition
| Borden ends the conservative gov’t and joins with liberals who are interested in conscription and forms the Unionist Party of Government. All the Conservatives and the pro-conscription librarals form this new government. |
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Term
| What did Borden do to ensure a win in the 1917 election? |
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Definition
Borden formed the Miliary voters act. An act so that people oveseas will be allowed to vote in an easier manner.
Their vote would count in their home riding or the vote would be placed in a riding of the government’s choice.
They voted for conscription in ridings that are very close.
The would do a blatant push in a place like Quebec but in riding where a small gap would shift the difference.
Wartime Elections Act – Gives the vote to some people, Borden gives it to women who are related to those serving overseas.
They are going to vote conscription. |
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Term
| What was the 1890's to 1900's about? |
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Definition
Idealistic Social Reform
Social Gospel at its peak
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Term
| After WWI, what change social structures? |
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Definition
Period after the WW1 was more about people establishing their power or labour power
The rise of labour radicalism
More power autonomy |
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Term
| Explain the Labour and Capitalist system in Canada. |
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Definition
fraternal organizations
organized unions
Trades and Labour congress
Industrial Disputes Investigation Act designed by William Lyon McKenzie King |
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Term
| What were the 1930's about? |
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Definition
Culture in the mid-war period
Radio
Social Welfare |
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Term
| What was the matter with the economic cycle of the 1930's after 1929? |
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Definition
| After a recession the prices should bottom out then begin to rise to the market demand, in 1934-36 the prices stayed low extending the depression period until another influence would occur (World War II). |
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Term
| Why was WL Mckenzie King not re-elected in 1930? |
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Definition
| He was viewed as too arrogant. RB Bennet replaced him. |
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Term
| What is social credit as in 1930's? |
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Definition
A = Cost of Production
+
B = Wage
!=
C = Cost of Commodity
This means that your wage will never be able to purchase an item.
Therefore, what is needed is a social credit. |
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Term
| What made the 50s the gold age of Canadian Politics? |
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Definition
huge economic postwar boom
Huge changes in population
Canadian culture |
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Term
| What was special about Canada's foriegn policy in the 50's? |
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Definition
Extraordinary success
15-year period where Canadians are respected abroad and within diplomatic areas
A post war agreement was needed to ensure peace, better than the League of Nations.
The League of Nations was a failure but the lessons were transformed into the United Nations where nations would agree to keep the peace.
The UN had a peace Keeping component. |
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Term
| How was Canada involved in the "Cold War"? |
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Definition
| Spying for the Russian's first came to light as embassies in Ottawa were bugged by a solviet defector Igor Grozenko. By 1946 tensions elevated as Germany was occupied by the British, Americans, and Russians. By 1949, NATO was formed for the mutual protection of those countries living on the North Atlantic. |
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