Term
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Definition
| Concludes that Americans enjoy freedom, but value equality more. In other words, he asserted that we would prefer to live in slavery as long as we were equal in that condition. |
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Term
| The Dilemma of Equality. What equal rights are guaranteed to us in the US? What equal rights are not guaranteed? |
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Definition
- Provides legal equality, political equality, and equal opportunity
- Does NOT guarantee us equality of results or economic equality. |
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Term
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Definition
Income:
- < Manufacture
- > Technology
- > 2 Income Families
- Demographics
- Global Competition
Wealth:
- Top 10% = 48% of ALL Earning
- Top 1% OWN 40% of ALL wealth
- 90% OWN 75% total Debt
- 15% Poverty Rate |
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Term
| What about Racial Equality? |
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Definition
| We still have a long way to go. |
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Term
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Definition
-Slavery was a common condition in the early years of our country
-The Dred Scott Case held that blacks were NOT citizens. Treated as property. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| black citizenship (Also important to remember that the due process clause of this amendment was the vehicle used by the Court to incorporate the Bill of Rights) |
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Term
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Definition
| gave black males the right to vote |
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Term
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Definition
- “Black Codes” defined as any law that interfered with black rights.
- “Jim Crow” laws defined as discrimination laws that restricted access to public places, etc. for blacks. |
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Term
| Segregation laws in the North |
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Definition
| Segregation laws were uncommon but, “voluntary” segregation was. We should question whether someone truly chooses to live in any given area, or are they simply limited in their choices |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to segregation in fact. This is not illegal. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to segregation by law. This is illegal. |
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Term
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Definition
| established the “separate, but equal” doctrine. |
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Term
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Definition
-Violated 14th equal protection clause
-This case overturned Plessy
-Separate, but not Equal |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education (Topeka) |
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Definition
| This case ended federal support for separate but equal practices in the South, particularly in education. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most important way to engage in the process and the most common is voting. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Formulate and approve plan of action
2. Raise and spend $
3. Hire people to take action |
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Term
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Definition
| All power is held at national level |
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Term
| Confederal system of govt |
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Definition
| all power given to states |
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Term
| Federal System (what we have today) |
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Definition
| Power is divided by U.S. govt and states |
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Term
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Definition
| powers expressly granted to the nat. govt |
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Term
| Reserved Powers? 2 Examples? |
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Definition
| Powers not given to congress or states are reserved to the states, ex. states are responsible for education and voting |
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Term
| Whats the highest form of law? Where is this stated? |
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Definition
-The Constitution
-Supremacy Clause of Constitution, Article VI |
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Term
| Intergovernmental relations |
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Definition
| Collaboration between 2 or more govts |
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Term
| Full faith and credit clause |
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Definition
| -State must recognize laws of other states |
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Term
| How many govts are in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| 7 Reasons why Federalism is important |
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Definition
- Decentralization
- Protection of Liberty
- Increases Participation
- Improves Efficiency
- Ensures Policy Responsiveness
- Encourages Policy Innovation
- Manages Conflict |
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Term
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Definition
1. Obstruct Action - states argue when their values conflict with national issues, ex. segregation
2. Frustrates National Policy - states can stall national projects, ex. local organization blocks national program to safely dispose nucleaur waste b/c it's near their homes
3. Obstruct Uniformity in Policy - Costs & Benefits spread unevenly, ex. Texas gives less to the needy than Cali despite the fact that federal tax dollars fund the program |
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Term
| Explain the evolution of federalism |
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Definition
| state centered, then dual federalism (layer cake), then cooperative (marble cake), then centralized federalism (introduced by LBJ) |
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Term
| What defines federalism today? |
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Definition
| It's a process through the courts b/c they can interpret the constitution |
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Term
What are the "Grants in aid to states"?
How much is given to states? |
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Definition
-Funds form Nat. govt to states
-half of states' revenue comes from these grants, over 400 billion is given to states in grants |
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Term
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Definition
- Project grants (competitive, states have to apply)
- Formula grants (based on criteria) |
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Term
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Definition
| States have flexibility with the $ |
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Term
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Definition
| Fed. govt telling states to do something |
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Term
| Best way individuals can impact govt? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What principle conflict in our political culture has arisen since 9/11? |
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Definition
| It has caused fear which is causing us to give up freedom. More national surveillance |
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Term
| 3 specific rights guaranteed in the body of the constitution? |
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Definition
- protection against expo facto laws
- prot. against bills of attainder
- We have rights of habeus corpus |
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Term
| What is the “Incorporation of the Bill of Rights?” |
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Definition
- Included to get constitution to get it ratified, in the beginning it only applied to fed govt
- Due process laws: now applies to states |
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Term
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Definition
| Speech, assembly, petition, press |
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Term
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Definition
- no, speech intended to harm is not
- symbolic speech is protected tho |
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Term
| Due process rights for criminals |
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Definition
- 4th (search and seizure)
- 5th (don't have to incriminate yourself)
- 6th (trial rights)
- 8th (no cruel and unusual punishment) |
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Term
| Does death penalty qualify as cruel and unusual punishment? |
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Definition
| No, not if it's carried out humanely |
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Term
| What are the death penalty stats for Texas? |
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Definition
- Texas ranks 3rd nationally in crime rate
- Texas ranks 5th nationally in rate of incarceration
- Texas ranks 1st nationally in death penalty sentencing and executions |
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Term
| Why's Texas so tough on crime |
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Definition
- Republican state
- Partisan elections |
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Term
| What are some obvious indicators of income inequality? |
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Definition
- 90% of pop. earns less than 110,000 a year
- Top 1% of country owns 40% of wealth |
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Term
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Definition
| Declared slaves as property, not citizens |
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Term
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Definition
| The Supreme Court ruled that a state's ban on the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy |
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Term
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Definition
| ruled anti-sodomy laws unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| burning american flag is allowed |
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Term
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Definition
- gun control case (national gun free zone act is ruled unconstitutional)
- gave gun law control back to the states |
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