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| formed Holy League against Turks |
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| was an inquisitor of faith. |
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| Supported many countries, especially the oppressed Germans by their heretical princes |
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| Re-asserted that science and religion co-exist |
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| opened Secret Vatican Archives to researchers |
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| favored the French Republic |
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| developed encyclical Rerum Novarum |
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| Longest living pope, died at age 93 |
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| Longest running pope, 31 years |
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| Established the 1st Vatican Council (infability of pope, promulgation of Assumption of Mary, promulgated immaculate conception of the Blessed Virgin) |
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| Had to face World War II and was criticized for not taking any actions |
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| After World War II, he contributed to rebuilding Europe with peace and reconciliation |
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| He reformed the Canon laws |
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| Lateran Treaty created state of Vatican City, making it an independent sovereignty |
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| established Vatican Radio |
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| modernized Vatican Library |
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| Couldn't stop Terrible Triangle |
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