Term
| type 1 mechanics: vertebra, direction, planes |
|
Definition
grouped vertebra
sidebend and rotate opposite
in neutral plane, no FE |
|
|
Term
| type 2 mechanics: vertebra, direction, plane |
|
Definition
single segment
sidebend and rotate same
found in FE |
|
|
Term
| what is the third principal of fryette's laws of spinal mechanics |
|
Definition
| motion in one plane limits motion in the others |
|
|
Term
| what are the limitations of fryette's laws |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do facets move in F and E |
|
Definition
F: come closer
E: move away |
|
|
Term
| planes of motion: list them, axis, and plane |
|
Definition
FE: transverse axis, saggital plane
rotation: vertical axis, transverse plane
sidebending: AP axis, coronal plane |
|
|
Term
| what vertebra is a rib associated with |
|
Definition
| the same number as the rib and the one above |
|
|
Term
| what are some changes in the structure of lumbar vertebra |
|
Definition
| bodies thicker, spinous processes more blunt |
|
|
Term
| describe the shape of L5, what is the funciton of this shape |
|
Definition
| wedge to transition from vertical spine to horizontal sacrum |
|
|
Term
| explain the motion of the thoracic cage in inhalation |
|
Definition
sternum: anterior superior
diaphragm: descends
lower ribs: lateral bucket handle increase transverse diameter on AP axis
upper ribs: pump handle anterior
caliper: posterior |
|
|
Term
| what is the influence of the motion of caliper ribs |
|
Definition
| its connections to the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| inhaled rib: name dysfunction, restriction, position of ribs, key rib |
|
Definition
inhaled dysfunction
exhaled restriction
locked up
bottom key rib |
|
|
Term
| exhaled rib: name dysfunction, restriction, position of ribs, key rib |
|
Definition
exhaled dysfunction
inhaled restriction
stuck down
top key rib |
|
|
Term
| where is the symptathetic chain located |
|
Definition
| T1-L2 invested in fascia and anterior rib heads |
|
|
Term
| why does the cervical spine have anterior lordosis |
|
Definition
| because the vertebral bodies are thicker and saddle shaped |
|
|
Term
| what is the synovial joint in the cervical spine, what creates it |
|
Definition
| uncovertebral joint: created by uncinate processes |
|
|
Term
| what are articular pillars |
|
Definition
| the part on cervical vertebra that is posterior to transverse process, location of facets |
|
|
Term
| describe the motion of facets in cervical ribs |
|
Definition
| horizontal in flexion, coronal in extension |
|
|
Term
| what are defining anatomy parts of the atlas: 3 |
|
Definition
anterior and posterior tubercles
superior facet converges anterior
occipital condyles |
|
|
Term
| atlas: how does it move, on what surface |
|
Definition
| occipital condyles glide in AP directon and converge anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| OA: main motion, direction of vertebral dysfunctions |
|
Definition
sidebending and rotation opposite
FE motion |
|
|
Term
| how do you diagnose the OA |
|
Definition
| sideslipping, FE with asymmetry |
|
|
Term
| axis: defining anatomy (2), prodominate motion |
|
Definition
odontoid process/dens
horizontal facets
rotation prodominate |
|
|
Term
| lower cervical vertebra direction of movement |
|
Definition
sidebending and rotation in same direction
occasionally a group dysfunction (sidebending and rotation opposite) |
|
|
Term
| what are the axis of motion of the pelvis, what do they describe (5) |
|
Definition
STA: respiratory/crainosacral
MTA: postural
ITA: iliosacral
left oblique
right oblique |
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of anterior rotated innominate, what is the most common diagnosis |
|
Definition
quadreceps or iliopsoas spasm
right anterior rotated |
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of a posterior rotated innominate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what evidence must you have to define a sacral torsion |
|
Definition
| seated flexion test, spring test, sphinx test |
|
|
Term
| anterior sacral torsion: normal? location of sacrum, position that improves condition |
|
Definition
physiological
sacral base stuck forward
improved in sphinx |
|
|
Term
| posterior sacral torsion: normal?, location of sacrum |
|
Definition
non-physiological
sacram base goes backward and gets stuck |
|
|
Term
| left on right sacral torsion: what are the results of spring and sphinx |
|
Definition
sphinx makes it worse
spring positive |
|
|
Term
| right on left sacral torsion: what are the results of the spring and sphinx |
|
Definition
sphinx makes it worse
speing positive |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common sacral torsion diagnosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what evidence do ytou need to diagnose a unilateral sacral dysfunction |
|
Definition
| seated flexion test, posterior ILA and sacral base on the opposite sides |
|
|
Term
| what does a disfunction at L5 tell you about the sacrum |
|
Definition
rotation is in the oppostite direction
if base is anterior, L5 is extended
if base is posterior, L5 is flexed |
|
|
Term
| when the sacrum F or E, what does the trunk do |
|
Definition
flexed sacrum: extended trunk
extended sacrum: flexed trunk |
|
|
Term
| even if you think you have a sacral dysfuntion, what can rule it out as an option |
|
Definition
| ILA are the same on each side (unless unilateral FE) |
|
|
Term
| what does a person who is more comfourtable sitting or standing tell you about the sacrum |
|
Definition
better sitting: base is more comfourtable backward so sacrum is extended
better standing: sacrum flexed |
|
|
Term
| during gait: relationship of lumbar spine to standing leg, motion of sacrum, relation of innominate to swinging and standing leg |
|
Definition
lumbar sidebends to same side as standing leg
sacrum sidebends to opposite side and rotates to same side (forward torsion)
innominate rotates posterior on swinging leg and anterior on standing leg |
|
|
Term
| 8 muscles associated with the hip and their motion |
|
Definition
quadrecepts femoris: flexes hip, extends knee
hamstrings: extends hip
gluteus maximus: extends laterally and rotates hip
gluteus medius: abducts and medially rotates hip
piriformis: externally rotates and abducts hip
adductior group: moves pubic bone inferior, abducts hip
psoas: flexes hip, sidebends lumbar
tensor fascia late: flexes, internally rotates, and abducts hip |
|
|
Term
| when the femur externally rotates, what is the femoral head doing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the femoral head glides posterior, what is the femur doing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can the piriformis muscle be tested, why |
|
Definition
| internal rotation because the piriformis is an external rotator |
|
|
Term
| what are the ligaments of the knee and leg |
|
Definition
medial collateral: attached to medial meniscus
lateral collateral
medial and lateral meniscus
anterior and posterior cruciate
patellar
interosseus membrane |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the interosseus membrane of the leg |
|
Definition
| fulcrum for movement of fibula to tibia |
|
|
Term
| knee motion of tibia relative to femur |
|
Definition
| in extension tibia glides posterolateral beneath femur |
|
|
Term
| what are the minor motions of the knee |
|
Definition
| anteroposterior glide, anteromedial posterolateral rotation glide, medial/lateral glide |
|
|
Term
| where is the fibular head in dorsi and plantar flexion |
|
Definition
dorsi: anterolateral
plantar: posteromedial |
|
|
Term
| describe the shape of the talus, what does this mean for the satbilization of foot motion |
|
Definition
| wider anterior, dorsiflexion is more stable |
|
|
Term
| where is the transverse tarsal joint located |
|
Definition
| between talus and navicular and calcaneus and cuboid laterally |
|
|
Term
| how does the tibiotalar joint move on the talus in dorsi and plantar flexion |
|
Definition
dorsi: anterior glide
plantar: posterior glide |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of foot arches |
|
Definition
shock absorbers, weight bearing
puts body weight on calcaneus and metatarsal heads |
|
|
Term
| what bones make up the medial longitudinal arch |
|
Definition
| calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, 3 medial metatarsals |
|
|
Term
| what bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch |
|
Definition
| calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsals 4 and 5 |
|
|
Term
| what bones make up the transverse arch and makes its shape and stabilizes it |
|
Definition
navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, bases of metatarsals
peroneus longus provides contour
transverse metatarsal ligament stabilizes and protects nerves |
|
|
Term
| what motions make up supination and pronation |
|
Definition
supination: adduction, inversion, plantarflexion
pronation: abduction, eversion, dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
| scapulohumeral joint: structure and composition |
|
Definition
| lined with hayline cardiladge, deepened by labrum |
|
|
Term
| what are the ligaments that thicken the capsule of the scapluohumeral joint |
|
Definition
superior glenohumeral: stretched in adduction and internal rotation
middle glenohumeral: stretched in extension and external rotation
inferior glenohumeral: stretched in abduction, extension, and internal rotation
coracohumeral: seperate parts taught in F and E
transverse humeral: over tendon of long head of biceps |
|
|
Term
| what ligament moves the subdeltoid joint |
|
Definition
| glenohumeral and coracoacromial which arches over it |
|
|
Term
| what ligament has tendon of supraspinatus beneath it, what pathology can this create |
|
Definition
| glenohumeral, impinge rotator cuff |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the scapulothoracic joint, what stops its motion |
|
Definition
continuation of motion when glenohumeral reaches end of ROM
stopped by muscles that anchor scapulae to vertebra |
|
|
Term
| what are the ligaments associated with the acromioclavicular joint, what is their functions |
|
Definition
acrimoclavicular: thickened superior part, fibrous capsule
coracoclavicular; support |
|
|
Term
| sternoclavicular joint: direction of motion,associated ligaments |
|
Definition
horizontal and frontal planes, axial rotation
sternoclavicular, intraclavicular, and costoclavicular ligaments |
|
|
Term
| what are the joints of the elbow and the type of joint |
|
Definition
humeroulnar: hinge
humeroradial: arthrodial
radioulnar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
medial and lateral epicondyle
capitulum
trochlea and trochlear notch
coronoid process
radial head
annular ligament
olecranon
radial notch of the ulna |
|
|
Term
| anterior and posterior radial head: how did they fall |
|
Definition
anterior: forearm supinated
posterior; forearm pronated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trapezoid, trapezoum, scaphoid, capitate, hamate, pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, radius, ulna |
|
|
Term
| what is the theory behind the common compensatory pattern |
|
Definition
facial distortion effects respiratory and circulatory systems, especially at transitional areas
distortion of thoraco-abdomino-pelvic cylinder effects diaphragm motion and lymph drainage |
|
|
Term
| what is the history of someone who has poor lymph flow |
|
Definition
malaise
morning headache or backache
non-restorative sleep
normal labs |
|
|
Term
| common compensatory pattern go... |
|
Definition
| left arm short, left shoulder higher, left hip higher, left leg longer, sacrum flexed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ligament provides proprioceptive info to give muscle a response for the joint
ligament tension is constant if joint is fine, need to make it so tension is even in all directions
put joint in position of ease and move with patient respiration |
|
|
Term
| functional theory and how to |
|
Definition
| physician puts joint in position of ease, distract or use respiration, allow unwnding |
|
|
Term
| post-isometric relaxation role in muscle energy |
|
Definition
| reverse position and ask pt to move towards position of ease |
|
|
Term
| reciproical inhibition role in muscle energy |
|
Definition
| ask pt to contract again agonist muscle to force shortened muscle to relax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| move through restrictive barrier in a quick motion over a short distance |
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