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Definition
| Judicial Review; it is the duty of the judicial department to say what the law is and interpret it in the specific case |
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Definition
| the people are represented by someone who they elect who they believe will either follow what they like or do something to make things better |
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Definition
| very concerned about representation and limiting power as well as allowed the legislature to be the primary instrument on figuring out what the popular vote will want |
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Definition
| —a situation where the presidency is held by one party and at least one chamber of congress is controlled by a different party |
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Definition
| a political system in which the head of the executive branch is selected by members of the legislature rather than popular vote |
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Definition
| we split our Congress into two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives |
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Term
| 7. The House of Representatives— |
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Definition
| was intended to be closest to the people, changes every two years, a group of representatives that we elect to vote in the House the way that we would want them to, has a speaker as their leader, majority and minority leaders, and whips. |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller than the House, and acted as an important check on us and the House. Calmer, older, wealthier, is led by the Vice President, and has majority and minority leaders. |
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Definition
| —checks to see if they have the votes to pass or override bills, and organizes the party members within the House. |
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Term
| 10. Descriptive Representation— |
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Definition
| you would want someone who looks and thinks like you to represent you |
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Term
| 11. Agency Model of Representation— |
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| picking someone to represent you who you think would do the best job, like a lawyer: if they do a good job, you rehire…if not, you find someone else |
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| —Federal funds that support specific local projects. |
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Definition
| same as ear marks! When a senator is asking for money for a particular project for his decisions. By next campaign, he can see “look what all I got for you and did for you” to win their votes again |
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Term
| 16. Speaker of the House— |
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Definition
| when a bill starts in the House, it starts here. Determined by voting. |
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Term
| 17. President Pro-Tempore— |
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Definition
| when a bill is proposed in the senate, it starts here. Determined by seniority. |
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Term
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Definition
| the person in the House who is chosen with caucuses, the winning party’s representative becomes this. |
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Term
| 19. Party Leaders—Minority Leader— |
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Definition
| the person in the House who is chosen with caucuses, the losing party’s representative becomes this. |
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Term
| 20. Congressional Committees |
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Definition
| —the backbone of the Congress who makes sure people understand all of the information; the parties decide which members will be a part of these so they can pass the bills that they would want |
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Term
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Definition
| in the House and the Senate separately, they are permanent and do not have to be recreated every Congress but they exist until you change them; they handle most of our bills (judiciary, finance, ways and means) |
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Term
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Definition
| Exist in a few policy areas where the committee includes members from both the House and Senate, pretty rare, and includes the taxation committee |
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Term
| 23. Conference Committees— |
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Definition
| Deals with “how a bill becomes a law,” has members from both House and Senate, exists for a short amount of time for the sole purpose of creating a bill that both the House and Senate approve of |
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Term
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Definition
| —tends to only be either in the House or the Senate and do not overlap, they form for a very specific purpose and once their purpose has been resolved, it is over |
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Term
| 25. Trustee Model of Representation— |
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Definition
| more about letting them do what they think is best; you trust them to do what would be best for you. Madison’s first idea of representation |
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Term
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Definition
| where the bills are sent after going through a committee; there are discussions, and they must make it back to the committee level to be considered. They change the words and make it more appealing so that the committees will approve of it |
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Term
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Definition
| —goes through the bill word for word, line by line making changes. They usually try to strengthen or lessen government control to make the situation for their bill better |
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Term
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Definition
| in the House, is responsible for deciding how our bill will hit the House floor and what rules it will have, heavily influenced by the speaker of the House, and will decide how much debate will be allowed on the bill and what the amendment process will be |
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Term
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Definition
| the terms and conditions applied to a particular bill that allow members of congress to make a wide range of amendments to it |
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Definition
| tells us amendments have to be germane, and if you're a supporter of a bill you want it to be this; the terms and conditions applied to a particular bill that restrict the types of amendments that can be made to it |
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Term
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Definition
| restricted amendments for bills |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who is against a bill and goes onto the Senate floor and can keep talking with no limit to how long you can talk, because as long as you’re talking, nobody can vote on the bill |
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Term
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Definition
| 33. Who was the King of Filibustering? |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism by which sixty or more senators can end a filibuster and cut off debate (3/5 of senators=60+) |
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Term
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Definition
| a change to a bill or law, or any legal document |
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Term
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Definition
| —someone or something’s ability to overpower or cancel out another person or thing |
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Term
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Definition
| —the president’s rejection of a bill without the opportunity for Congress to override the veto. It occurs if the President does not act on a bill within ten days after passage by Congress and Congress is adjourned during that time. |
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Term
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Definition
| counterbalanced by the power of Congress; top of the executive branch but does not control it, public opinion affects presidents, and actually he has a lot of constraints |
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Term
| 39. Bargaining/Persuasion— |
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Definition
| presidents realize that they can get people to do what they want with bargaining |
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Term
| 40. Twenty-Second Amendments |
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Definition
| —Set a limit of 2 terms to be served for presidents |
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Term
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Definition
| The President, more of a country’s symbolic and international role; has military power, power to grant reprieves and pardons, foreign affairs, and does not have to sign off on executive agreements |
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Term
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Definition
| President’s running of the government and the domestic side of his powers; ensure faithful execution of laws and oversees the legislative branch, internal military capacity, state of the union address, and veto powers. |
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Term
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Definition
| the individuals who reside within the member's political jurisdictions |
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Term
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Definition
| the right, power, or authority to administer justice by hearing and determining controversies. |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who currently hold office; have more freedom to do as they please for Congress |
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Definition
| Congress serves their constituents through this; direct assistance to individuals and groups within a district or state |
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Term
| Delegate Model of Representation |
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Definition
| successful members of Congress share the same interests as the voters and promise to act upon them |
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Term
| Collective Action Program |
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Definition
| arises from the mismatch of individual and group incentives |
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Term
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Definition
| the gathering for the DEMOCRATS to select their leadership in Congress |
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Term
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Definition
| Gathering for the REPUBLICANS to select their leaders in Congress |
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Term
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Definition
| laws with this must be reauthorized after a specified number of years |
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