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| Power divided between two separate authorities- nation and state. |
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| Formal authority rests with the national government. |
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| National Government relies on states for its authority. |
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| Power of local government to pass laws affecting local affairs, so long as those laws do not conflict with state or federal laws. |
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| Intergovernmental Relations |
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| Network of political, financial, and administrative relationships between units of the federal government and those of state and local governments. |
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| Laboratories of Democracy |
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| Ability of states to experiment and innovate in public policy. |
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| Delegated or Enumerated Powers. |
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| Powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution as belonging to the national government. |
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| Necessary and Proper Clause. |
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| clause of Article 1 Section 8 that grants congress the power to enact all laws that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out those responsibilities specifically delegated to it. Also referred to as the Implied Powers. |
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| Powers not specifically in the Constitution as belonging to Congress but inferred as necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated powers. |
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| National Supremacy Clause |
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| Article VI of the Constitution declaring the constitution and laws of the national government "the supreme law of the land" superior to the constitutions and laws of the states. |
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| Powers exercised by both the national government and state governments in the American federal system. |
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| Powers not granted to the national government or specifically denied to the sates in the Constitution that are recognized by the 10th Amendment as belonging to the state governments. This guarantee- Reserved Powers Clause, embodies the principle of American federalism |
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Term
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Definition
Early concept of federalism in which national and state powers were clearly distinguished and functionally separate.
1868-1913 |
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| State-centered Federalism |
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Definition
States were the most important units in the American Federal system
1787-1868 |
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National, state, and local governments work together exercising common policy responsibilities.
1913-1964 |
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National government assumes primary responsibility for determining national golas in all major policy areas and direct state and local government activity through conditions attached to money grants.
1964-1980 |
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Attempts to return power and responsibility to the states and reduce the role of the national government in domestic affairs.
1980-1985 |
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| Representational Federalism |
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Assertion that no constitutional division of powers exist between the nation and the states but the states retain their constitutional role merely by selecting the president and members of Congress.
1985-1995 |
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| Decisions made directly by the people, usually by popular initiative and referenda voting, as opposed to decisions med by elected representatives. |
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| Allows a specified number or percentage of voters by use of a petition to place a state constitutional amendment or a state law on the ballot for adoption or rejection by the state electorate. |
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Term
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| Proposed lasws or constitutional amendments submitted to the voters for their direct approval or rejection found in some state constitutions but I'm not in the U.S. Constitution. |
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| An election to allow voters to decide whether or not to remove an elected official before his or her term expires. |
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| Payment of funds from the national government to state or local governments or from state governments for a specified purpose. |
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| Federal grants to a state or local government for specific purposes or projects, may be allocated by formulas or by projects. |
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| Federal grants to state or local government functions allowing greater flexibility in the use of money. |
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| Passing down of responsibilities from the national government to the states. |
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| Direct federal orders(mandates) to state and local governments to perform a service or conform to federal law in the performance of a function. |
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| Total or partial federal assumption of power in a particular field. |
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| Fed's assumption of all regulatory powers in a particular field. |
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| Standard partial preemption |
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Definition
| form of partial preemption in which the states are permitted to regulate activities already regulated by the federal government if the state regulatory standards are at least as stringent as the federal government's |
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Term
| Standard partial preemption |
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Definition
| form of partial preemption in which the states are permitted to regulate activities already regulated by the federal government if the state regulatory standards are at least as stringent as the federal government's |
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| Mandates that impose costs on state and local governments (and private industry) without reimbursement from the fed's. |
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| Direct orders to state and local governments to perform a particular activity or service or to comply with federal laws in the performance of their functions. |
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