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| one who wants less government activity on economic issues and more to promote traditional social values |
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| one who favors more government activity to foster economic equality, and less activity to promote traditional social values |
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| one who favors less government activity across the board including economic and social issues |
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| somewhere in between a conservative and a liberal |
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| one who favors increased government activity both to regulate the economy and to protect traditional social norms |
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| the 1993 national voter registration act, requires states to offer voter registration when people apply for services such as driver's licenses |
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| a comprehensive system of belief about what government should do |
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| the process by which people gain their opinions and knowledge about politics |
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| a meeting of political party members |
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| a situation in which one party holds the executive branch while the other holds at least one chamber of the legislative branch |
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| in the early nineteenth century, referred to meetings of democratic-republican members of congress who nominated presidential candidates |
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| the voter support base of the democratic party which took from during Franklin Roosevelt's admin. |
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| artisan alignment/ realignment |
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| an enduring pattern of party loyalty in the electorate. a realignment is a sudden and permanent shift in that pattern |
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| those who win office under the party label |
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| the voters who tend to support a given party |
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| the movement of parties away from each other and toward more extreme issue positions |
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| the granting of jobs, contracts, and other official favors in return for loyalty to an individual leader or political party |
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| an election that determines who runs in the final or general election |
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| only voters who register with the political party may vote |
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| party members can only vote in their party, but unaffiliated voters can vote in either |
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| any voter can cast a ballot in any party's primary |
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| a single ballot displays candidates for all parties' nominations for all offices |
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| the tendency for a popular candidate for higher office to draw votes for other candidates of the same party |
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| the mechanism for formal elections of the president and vice president, 538 members, each state has the same number as senators and house members |
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| the practice of scheduling presidential primaries and caucuses at earlier and earlier dates |
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| an election for final selection of a variety of offices |
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| the drawing of district lines in odd shapes to benefit a particular party or group |
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| the electoral benefits that come with holding office |
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| majority- minority district |
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| an election district in which members of an ethnic or racial minority constitute a majority of votes (ex. southern california are hispanics) |
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| elections that take place in even numbered years when there is no presidential election |
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| a process that reallocates house seats to states in line with population changes |
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| drawing of the district lines |
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| constituencies that elect only one member to a legislative body |
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| the system by which the presidential candidate who wins a plurality of a state's popular votes will win all of its electoral votes |
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| an amount by which spending exceeds revenues in any given year (debt) |
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| federal outlays that are subject to the annual process of appropriations unlike mandatory spending |
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| the total value of outstanding securities that the federal government has issued |
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| federal policy concerning overall levels of spending and taxes |
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| policy of erecting rade barriers to shield domestic business from international competition |
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| the opposite of progressive tax, taking proportionately more from lower-income people |
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| a school of thought holding that high taxes hurt economic growth by discouraging savings and investment. cutting tax rates can spur economic activity, meaning bigger profits and payrolls and greater revenues |
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| taxes that take proportionately more from higher income |
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| a specific figure that taxpayers may subtract from their taxable income, take exemptions for themselves and dependents. |
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| the role played by elected representatives who vote the way their constituents would want them to, regardless of their own opinions |
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| the role played by elected re[resentatives who listen to their constituents' opinions and then use their best judgment to make final decisions |
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| the 17 express powers that Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution specifically grants to Congress |
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| powers of the national government that the Constitution does not directly mention but that one may reasonably infer from the enumerated powers |
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