Term
|
Definition
| (School of thought) Consequence of ones conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgement."end Justify the means" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Hobbes,Locke, Rousseau) laws of nature: if peace is not available then people don't get along, becomes competition, glory, diffendency."war of all against all" leads to social contract theory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(John Locke)Passively agreeing to a contract ex. being born in a country, although you don't sign anything your agreeing by accepting the benefits
ex. founding fathers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rawls, How we should distriubute the benefits and burdens of social co-operation across society.
justice as fairness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rawls, Supporters of different comprehensive doctrines can agree on a specific form of political organization
consensus is reached by avoiding religion and philosophy
agreement on justice as fairness between citizens who hold different religious and philosophical views (or conceptions of the good). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Method of determining the morality of certain issues, by being under 'veil of ignorance' where no one knows arbitary distinctions are known, or where the reason stands in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rawls, No arbitary distinctions are made between persons by important political, social and economic institutions ..equality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rawls, 2nd part of The Two Principles OF Justice.. a. they are to be of the greatest good to the least advantaged members of society. ex. taxation
attack by COHEN "justifying inequality"
B. positions open under fair equality of opportunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Peter Singer, Different values or rights to beings on the basis of their species membership
man against other species "a prejudice that survives because it is convenient for the dominant group"
prejudicial bias attitude of members of ones own species against those members of another species |
|
|
Term
| ARGUMENT FROM MARGINAL CASES |
|
Definition
| Peter Singer, Moral status of animals if infants, disabled etc. have moral status then animals should too, since there is no "morally relevant being" so therefore not all humans have the same abilities. |
|
|
Term
| THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS |
|
Definition
| Samuel Huntington, (response to fukuyamas 'end of history" People's cultures and religions identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post cold war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Okin, Expresses crucial similarities between male and female sexes, Patriarchy, gender roles "men are in charge" Sexual division of labor,, 'just' society w/o gender |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vandana Shiva, socio economic theory dividing wealthy developing countries and poor developing countries. |
|
|
Term
| RELATIVE VS. ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aristotle believes that virtue is a mean between excess and defect or what is “good” and what is “extreme”. is intended as a method towards achieving Eudaimonia.
defines what the virtues of man are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thomas aquanis, a great chain of being stretches down from god, angels humans, animals, plants, all material elements everything has a starting point(GOD) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rousseau, men have the potential to be good but civilization is what corrupts people (ammoral) state of nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Kropotkin, Mutual aid: a factor of evolution, since darwins evolutionary ideas focused on severe competition amongst species, Kropotkin suggests that its actually a struggle between organisms and environment.
cooperation and mutual aid is a survival method for living organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Founder of modern conservatism believed in gradual change organic
defense of hereditary rule..benefits Burke at time of french revolution influenced all of this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bentham, Requires us to promote the least amount of evil or harm, prevent the greatest suffering for the greatest number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Using biotechnology, we can develop plants producing a lot of food. this would decrease starvation.
Population has increased since 1960's if it was not for the green revolution there would be a lot more starvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Machiavelli, "mask" leader in THE PRINCE must be able to wear different masks when he needs to cunning like the fox strong like the lion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ayn Rand, Philosophy for living on earth reality exists independent of consciousness, humans have direct contact with reality through perception and senses, the moral purpose of life is happiness the only way to achieve this is Laissez Faire capitalism, everybody is enslaved to everybody |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Socrates form of dialect (dialectic method)
question answer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plato's republic, In the souls of those most fit to rule there is gold, in those suited to be auxiliaries there is silver, and in those suited to be producers there is either bronze, noble lie |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plato's Republic, Thrasymachus, political realism, justice is simply what is in the interest of the stronger party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the republic Glaucon, character tells story of ring that makes wearer invisible most people would commit unjust acts because they would not be caught socrates disagrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| end or purpose, ends justify means, theory explains things by reference to their purpose, purpose of acorn is to become oak tree |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American economist, founder of monetarism, political philosophy free market economic system with little intervention by gov. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corporate social responsibility, embrace responsibility for companies actions and have positive effect on environment social and economic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aristotle, happiness, through living a virtuous life, perfecting one's actions in various disiplines adhere to the doctine of the mean(right emotion to the right degree) |
|
|
Term
| ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEMENT |
|
Definition
| against globalization of corporate capitalism, vandana shiva is a strong voice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| book anarchy, state, and utopia, free market libertarianism, right libertarian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marx, denotes ruling class in capitalist society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marx, lower social class, working class, no wealth |
|
|
Term
| VANGUARD OF THE PROLETARIAT |
|
Definition
| Marx, member of bourgeoisie moves over to proletariat to lead a mass action or revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marx, separation of things that naturally bond together, people from aspects of human nature, result of capitalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Okin, Male is authority figure "rule of fathers" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carol Gilligan, importance of relationships, theory about what makes actions right or wrong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different tasks between males and females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marx, who believed that the direction of historical development was a purposeful one determined by the interplay of material forces, and would come to an end only with the achievement of a communist utopia that would finally resolve all prior contradictions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indian physicist activist voice in anti-globalization movement voice of global south |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tim Wu, no restrictions by higher powers on consumers access to networks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Master Switch, best known for net neutrality |
|
|
