Term
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Definition
| An organized effort by office holders, canidates, activists, and voters who persue their common interests by gaining and excercising power through the political process. |
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Term
| What are the three separate but related entities? |
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Definition
Party in a government
Party as an organization
Party in the electorate |
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Term
| Who are the people in the party of the government? |
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Definition
| they are the people that hold office |
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Term
| Who are the people in the party of the organization? |
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Definition
| They are the committees who help their members get elected |
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Term
| Who are the people in the party of the electorate? |
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Definition
| We the people. Like Republicans, Democratics |
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Term
| Did the Founder like parties? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which document told us that the Founders did not like parties? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Federalist 10 tell us that the Founders did not want parties? |
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Definition
| It said that they wanted to get rid of faction. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Founders see parties as? (2) |
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Definition
| They were seen to surpress debate in public (wouldn't say anything against their party) and encourage corruption (like paying someone) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why were parties necessary for the first members of Congress? |
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Definition
| Transactions Costs sucks because they didn't have a simple majority, so Congress/President were forced to organize by interests |
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Term
| What did not having parties do in the electorate? What was then created? |
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Definition
competition for votes
Electoral parties |
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Term
| What were the first two parties that were created in the electoral party? |
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Definition
| Federalist and Democratic-Republicans party |
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Term
| We need to connect the electorate to _________, so party organization formed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who led the Democratic-Republican party? Were they the majority or minority at the beginning? |
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Definition
Thomas Jefferson and Madison
Minority |
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Term
| In order for the Democratic- Republicans to get majority, what did they have to get? |
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Definition
| votes in the electorate, so they created electoral parties |
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Term
| What kind of party system does the United states have? |
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Definition
| Plurality electoral system |
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Term
| What does a plurality electoral system lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a proportional system lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a proportional party system? |
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Definition
| If there is 100 people you get 50% votes for one party, then you get 50 seats. Everyone gets something. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plurality electoral system leads to a two party system, while proportional systems lead to multiple parties |
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Term
| In most states, what wins the election? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are two major parties, and lots of minor third parties. Only one third party has ever became a majority party. Which one was it and who did they overcome? |
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Definition
Republican party
overcame the whig party |
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Term
| What kind of party coalitions are there? |
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Definition
Decentralized, fragmented
(Not completely unified behing one nation) (Republicans in the South look different than the Republicans in the United Kingom) |
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Term
| The history of parties is characterized by five (maybe six) _________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the party systems defined by? (3) |
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Definition
the dominent issues
makeup of the party in the electorate
relative strength of the two parties |
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Term
| What are three examples of the makeup of the party in the electorate? |
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Definition
African Americans mostly vote Democratic
Males mostly vote Repulican
Females mostly vote democratic |
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Term
| What do I mean when I say "relative strength of the two major parties"? |
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Definition
| Like when one party is dominant over the other |
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Term
| Typically, new party systems arise via ________ in the electorate. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- When groups switch party bases (going from Republican to Democratic)
- There party also sometimes gets divided with national issues
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Term
| In the First Party System from 1790-1824, what two parties arose? |
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Definition
| Federalist and the Democratic-Rebublicans |
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Term
| How did the Federalist and the Democratic-Republicans arise? |
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Definition
| Arose out of the battle over ratification |
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Term
| What two leaders were with the Federalist? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two leaders were with the Democratic-Rebulicans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four things that divided the Federalist party and the Democratic-Republican Party? |
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Definition
- How stong the National Government should be over the state.
- Who should be the dominant ally.
- North-South Divide
- Somewhat of merchant-farmer divide
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Term
| Who did the Federalist say should be the dominant ally? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did the Democratic-Repulicans say should be the main allys? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did the North side with Federalist or the Democratic-Repulicans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did the South side with: the Federalist or the Democratic-Repulicans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean by a merchant-farmer divide? |
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Definition
South were farmers
North were merchants |
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Term
| What did Hamilton help form to gain advantage for the Federalists? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were Democratic-Repulicans first known as? and now what are they know as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Since the Democratic-Repulicans need more votes to overcome the federalist, what do they form and why? |
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Definition
Electoral Party
to recruit and elect candidates under their party label (win more seats in Congress) |
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Term
| Who do the Democratic-Repulicans need to elect to start working on state elections? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do state legislators do? |
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Definition
| They appoint U.S. senators |
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Term
| In 1800, who were the two presidents running for office? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the Democratic-Republicans do to get some of the electoral college? Since they do this, what happens? (2) |
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Definition
- They get some electors to pledge support for Jefferson (vote for him).
- Made voters consider candidates themselves, and not just the electors.
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Term
| When you checkk the president's name on the ballet, who are you really voting for? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1812, why did the Federalist lose favor? |
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Definition
| Because their support for England was a losing issue leading up to and during the War of 1812. (Federalist disapeared entirely during James Monroe) |
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Term
| What was the stretch from 1816-1824 known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was it called the Era of Goof Feelings? |
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Definition
| Because the Democrats faced no serious opposition. |
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Term
Second Party System:
What presidental election was highly divisive? |
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Definition
| Presidental Election of 1824 |
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Term
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Definition
| Tending to cause disagreement between people |
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Term
| Who ran in the presidental election of 1824? |
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Definition
Andrew Jackson
and
John Quincy Adams |
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Term
| Who won the popular vote in the presidental election of 1824? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who won the vote in the House in the presidental election of 1824? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was it called when Andrew Jackson wins the popular vote and electoral vote (but not a majority), so it goes to the House and John Quincy Adams wins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Henry Clays contribution to the corrupt bargain in the presidental election of 1824? |
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Definition
| He was the Speaker of the House, and he told everyone in the House to vote for John Adams. |
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Term
| What does Jackson do after he loses the presidental election of 1824? |
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Definition
| He spends 4 years campaigning for 1828 |
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Term
| In 1828, what was created to help Jackson get elected? Who created it? |
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Definition
- He sees the importance of creating a national coalition and he creates the modern party.
- The New York politicial Martin Van Buren
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Term
| What did the modern party do to help Jackson get elected? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who won the presidental election of 1828? |
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Definition
| Andrew Jackson with a landslide |
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Term
| Jackson and Van Buren solidified (make stronger) national parties through what in 1832? |
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Definition
| The national party convention |
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Term
| What is the national party convention? |
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Definition
| They decide many things. For example, they decide who will run for president and vice president |
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Term
| What party was formed in 1836 and why? |
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Definition
The Whig Party
They were opponents of Jackson |
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Term
| Who were two opponents of Jackson? |
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Definition
| Henry Clay and John Adams |
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Term
| Since there was a Whig Party, what did this mean for the Democrats? |
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Definition
| They had competetors because it was now a two party system |
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Term
| What did the Whig Party mostly favor? |
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Definition
| National development (trains, roads, etc.) |
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Term
| Who solidified the Whig Party? When? |
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Definition
| The military hero William Henry Harrison in 1840 |
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Term
| Who else won an election for the Whig Party? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened to Zachary Taylor and William Henry Harrison? |
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Definition
| they both died early on while being presidents |
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Term
| What levels of government did the Whigs have in 1840? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second party system characterized by? |
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Definition
| A two-party competition and rise of national parties. |
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Term
| The Second Party System also saw the rise of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the spoils system? |
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Definition
| Handing out jobs (aka. Patronage) |
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Term
| In the Second Party System what did parties care most about? |
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Definition
| Winning way more than good governance |
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Term
| How much did the Second Party System discuss slavery and why? |
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Definition
| Not much because it would have split there parties up. (Ex: Southern Democrats support slavery while the Northern Democrats oppose)- same with the Whigs |
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Term
| When did coalitions in both parties fall apart? |
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Definition
| When slavery became a major national issue |
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Term
| Why didn't the Second Party System want to discuss certain things? |
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Definition
| Because it would divide them |
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Term
Third Party System:
What led to the establishment of the Republican Party? |
|
Definition
| Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 |
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Term
| What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act? |
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Definition
| Kansas and Nebraska were both above the 36 30 line, but since California became a free state, Southern states wanted them to become a slave state, so it left it up to the people to decide. |
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Term
| What party system was the Republican party? |
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Definition
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Term
| Was the Republican party pro-slavery or anti-slavery? |
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Definition
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Term
| Was the Republican party pro-business or anti-buisiness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did the Republican Party replace? |
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Definition
| The Whig Party. They were the Second major party |
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Term
| When did the Republican Party win the Presidental Election? Who won? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were three ways Republican's won after the Civil War? |
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Definition
- Patronism
- Victory
- Business Intersts
Republican's do well in Reconstruction |
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Term
| What two things did the Republican Party favor? |
|
Definition
Protective Tariff
Transcontinental railways |
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Term
| Why was supporting transcontinental railways good for the Republican Party? |
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Definition
| It was cheaper for businesses, and the Republican Party is pro-buisiness |
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Term
| What happened at the end of Reconstruction? |
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Definition
| Democrats rise back to national prominence (2 party COMPETITION) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is a protective tariff? |
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Definition
| Americans were forced to buy American made products |
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Term
| What two things did the Democrats favor? |
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Definition
| Revenue Tariff and they didnt want to pay for transcontinental railroads |
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Term
| What is a Revenue Tariff? |
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Definition
| Just wanted money. Raised government revenue |
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Term
| What became the dominant form of party-building? |
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Definition
| Patronage (handing out jobs) |
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Term
| What was patronage run by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Political Machines? |
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Definition
| Local party organizations controlling jobs, nominations, and rewarding party loyalty and votes with jobs and candidacies |
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Term
| What happened after there were Party Machines? |
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Definition
| There was total corruption |
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Term
| National organizations were _______ ________ of local party organizations and machines. |
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Definition
| loose coalitions. (Didn't have any control over these machines) |
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Term
| What group pushed back against the party machines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the reformers pushing back against the party machines called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one of the main things (besides the Republican Party) that we see in the Third Party System? |
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Definition
| The rise and fall of party machines |
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Term
| What are three things that Political (Party) Machines did? |
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Definition
- Control Jobs
- Control Nomination
- Reward Votes
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Term
| Hoe was the controling of jobs stopped for the Political (Party) Machines? |
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Definition
| The Pendleton Act in 1883 |
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Term
| What is the Pendleton Act in 1883? |
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Definition
| It replaced patronage with 10% of all jobs, and the gradually became more and more of a higher percentage |
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Term
| How was rewarding votes (giving someone something to vote a certain way) put to a stop in the Political (Party) Machines? |
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Definition
| By using the Austalian Ballat (not different colors anymore, they are all on same ballat) |
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Term
| How did they stop Controling nominations in the the Political (Party) Machines? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Where voters directly select the candidates |
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Term
Fourth Party System:
Following decades of a two-party competition, who were democrats taken over by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the populist wing advocate? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Instead of just a gold currency where $1= however much gold, the wanted a gold and silver currency. |
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Term
| Who does bimetallism help? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What did Urban workers become in the Fourth Party System? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did urban workers in the Fourth party System favor? |
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Definition
| the gold standard and busisness interests |
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Term
| The Republicans dominated in 1896-1932 as a result of what? |
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Definition
| The "agrarian takeover" of the Democratic Party |
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Term
| How many elections did Republicans lose from 1896-1932? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who was the Democratic Party made of by in the Fourth Party system?? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the Great Depression? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Since Herbert Hoover doesn't look like he is going to win the election for the Republican Party, who steps up and what does he create in the Fifth Party System? |
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Definition
| Franklin Delenor Rosevelt (Democrat) |
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Term
| Who did the New Deal coalition unite? (8) |
|
Definition
sothern whites
northern blacks
the poor
the middle class
intellectuals
Farmers
Jews
Catholics |
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Term
| What was the Republicans coalition in the Fifth Party System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What years did the Democrats dominate? |
|
Definition
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Term
| When focused shifted away from the New Deal, the Democratic party began to break up. Why? |
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Definition
| Largely because of civil rights |
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Term
| What program further divided the Democratic coalition along class lines in the fifth party system? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Johnson's Great Society? |
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Definition
| Expansion of social security, medicare, and medicade. It doesn't help the middle class anymore because it taxed them more |
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Term
| In the fifth party system, there was an internal division in the Republican Party between who? (2) |
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Definition
| Conservatives and Moderates |
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Term
| Republican, since the 1970s, have generally combined what two things to win elections? |
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Definition
| Conservative economics and social issue positions |
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Term
| What are 2 examples of Conservative economics and social issues? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| In the fifth party system, what were seen as corrupt by reformers? |
|
Definition
| National nominating conventions |
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Term
| What is the National nominating conventions? |
|
Definition
| Primary elections to choose presidential candidates |
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Term
| In the Fifth Party System, what was the turning point? |
|
Definition
| The Democratic National Convention |
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Term
| What is the Democratic National Convention? |
|
Definition
| It democracizes the national nominating conventions. |
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Term
| In the Fifth Party System, what changes the rules for the Democratic party? |
|
Definition
| McGovern-Fraser Commission |
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Term
| What did the McGovern-Fraser Commission require? (2) |
|
Definition
either primary elections with pledged delegates
or
Caucus system |
|
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Term
| What is a primary election? |
|
Definition
| An important election where delegates and nominees are chosen |
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Term
| Who are people that get really high number of votes? (About 2 times as much as the average delegate) |
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Definition
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Term
| Since the 1960s, many people have been arguing that parties are what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What has been increasing a lot more since the 1960s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was/is getting elected more and more since the 1960's? Why? |
|
Definition
| Incumbents because they have an (i) beside there name |
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Term
| What became more volatile since the 1960's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much success do indepandent/third party candidates see since the 1960's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What became more common since the 1960's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement away from the parties |
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Term
| What is an example of dealignment? |
|
Definition
| Person voting for a democrat one election and then the next, a republican |
|
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Term
| In the Fifth Party System why is there a questionmark when we say the years are from (1932-?)? |
|
Definition
| Some people are wondering if dealignment is happening instead of alignment |
|
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Term
| Is there now a sixth party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If it now is a sixth party system, what would be the cause? |
|
Definition
| Since the late 1990's eople are now sticking with their party, and there is not much dealignment |
|
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Term
| In the Sixth Party System, what are parties divided on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the Republican Party is completely separate from the Democratic Party? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you walked up to a person on the street in the 50s and 60s and asked if they were a Republican, and they said yes, would you know almost all of their stances on the government? |
|
Definition
| NO, you would have to find out if they were from the north of the south |
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Term
| If you walked up to a person on the street nowadays and asked if they were a Republican, and they said yes, would you know almost all of their stances on the government? |
|
Definition
| Maybe not all of them, but you will have a pretty good view of it |
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Term
| In the Sixth Party System, list whether these groups are more republican or democratic. South? Blacks? Men? Women? Young? Old? |
|
Definition
Republican
Democratic
Republican
Democratic
Democratic
Republican |
|
|
Term
| What do not serve as the dominant political forces anymore and why? |
|
Definition
Party Organizations
They serve candidates who lead |
|
|
Term
| Does the national party control the state or local parties? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do parties help out their candidates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the two major parties when new issues arise nowadays? |
|
Definition
| One of the two major parties absorbs the supporters/opponents |
|
|
Term
| Are third parties relevant nowadays? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the gallup poll, which parties typically gets more votes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who has typically held the National advantage? Republicans or Democrats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do most independents act as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually vote for the same party over and over again |
|
|
Term
| What are Republicans typically better at? |
|
Definition
| Fundraising and organization |
|
|
Term
| What do some Democrats argue about Republicans? |
|
Definition
| They are better at marketing their positions |
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