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| election that marks the emergence of a new, lasting alignment of partisan support within the electorate |
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| computer generated letters, fazxes and other communications to people who might be sympathetic to an appeal for money or support |
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| said to exist when no single party controls the presidency and both houses of congress |
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| Barrier to collective action that arises when people can enjoy the benifits of group activity without contributing their limited share of costs |
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| a congressional commitee, bureacratic agency and allied interest groups who comibine to dominate policy making in some specified policy areas |
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| a loose constellation of larger numbers of committees, agencies, and interest groups active in a particular policy area |
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| attempts by interest group representives to influenece the decisions of governmenmt officials directly |
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| a highly organized party under the control of a boss, based on patronage and control of government activities |
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| Jobs contractsor favors in exchange for their political support, widely practiced in the 18th century and continues to today |
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| Political Action Commitees |
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| specialized organization for raising and contributing campaign funds |
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| people willing to assume the costs of forming and maintaining an organization even when others may free ride on them |
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| goods that you can enjoy with out contributing |
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| arrangment that occurs when the pattern of group supportfor political parties shifts in signifigantand lasting way such as in the latter half of the 20th century, when the white republicans of the south shifted to democrat |
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| side benifits of belonging to an organization that are limited to the contributing members of the organization |
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| Broad based demand for government action on some problem or issue, such as civil rights for black or women or environmental protection |
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| occurs when a voter chooses canidates from multiple parties |
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