Term
| Basic promise of an interest group |
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Definition
| "right of the people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances" - first amendment |
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| a politically oriented organization of people who share common interests and make demands on others insociety with respect to those interests |
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| first basic requirement of interest group |
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| shared interest - NOT a common characteristic |
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| interest groups vs. parties |
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Definition
| interest groups are private entities; parties are quasi public |
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| Texas Democratic Party could not declare itself a private entity |
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| two objectives of interest groups |
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Definition
1. promote the group's interests
2. protect the group's interests |
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| what James Madison called interest groups in Federalist #10 - fits our definition well |
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| three benefits of joining interest groups |
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Definition
| 1. material 2. solidary 3. purposive |
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| tangible rewards that people gain through membership of an interest group |
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| satisfactions gained through friendship and fraternity among people in interest groups |
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| benefits derived from feeling good about contributing to a worthy cause |
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| benefit provided to everyone |
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| it is rational to be this because you can benefit from the godos without incurring any costs |
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| it's a paradox to the free rider because securing a public good requires this |
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| when workers in certain states are required to join the union |
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Definition
| workers are not required to join the union, free riders, less effective in getting good wages, benefits, etc. |
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Definition
| most common approach to entice people to join an organization - material benefits that are only available to members |
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| interest groups are a natural extension of a democratic system that guarantees freedom of expression and association - David Truman |
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| group leaders overcome the free rider problem by either offering selective benefits or coercive incentives - Mancur Olson |
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| the formation if IGs is a rational quid pro quo between supplier and consumer - Robert Salisbury |
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| applied biological perspectives, a political environment has a certain carrying capacity to support the interest groups that compete for its resources - Gray and Lowery |
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| explosion of interest groups |
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Term
| business groups in Washington lobbying community |
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Definition
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Term
| most common type of group influence |
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Definition
| happens on small, noncontroversial issues where only one perspective is presented |
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| tend to take extreme, uncompromising positions on a single issue |
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| brookings institute and American Enterprise |
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Definition
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Definition
| tools interest groups have at their disposal to influence the political process |
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| money, membership, leadership and expertise |
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| process where political interest gropu is largely concerned with deploying its resources to gain access to decision makers |
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| a form of indirect lobbying that signals to politicians that a particular issue is of concern to more than just an isolated segment of the public |
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| "you support me on my issue, and i'll support you on yours" |
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| most powerful way to shape public opinion and attitude |
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| lawsuit filed to test the constitutionality of some government policy |
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| legal brief filed by someone or some organization with an interest in a case but not an actual party to it |
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Definition
| can raise as much money as they want because dont give it directly to parties or candidates |
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Term
| Federal Elections Campaign Act (FECA) |
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Definition
| 1971 allowed unions and corp.s to form PACs to raise and contribute campaign funds to candidates - switched to FEC in 1974 |
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| major weakness in IG's in US |
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Definition
| not all participate equally |
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Definition
| hardening of gov't because of interest groups |
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