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| no legal barriers to prevent someone from pursuing happiness or sucess in life |
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| gov't is taking action to make sure everyone has the resources to succeed |
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| we were all born, we all have mothers, we will all die, boilogically we are the same |
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| gets rid of slavery even though it is not put into affect people still had slavery |
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| the former slaves are citizens of county a citizens you have right to vote |
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| complete seperation states in charge of people states saw as unconstitutional becuase fed govt was coming in |
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| louisiana passes law that races cant be together in train cares. plessy buys white ticket but is 1/16th black he was arrested for sitting on whit care. takes to fed court against 14th amendemtn court says equal law requires equal services does not require people to treat others equal or force them to talk to eachother |
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| everything is seperate but equal. happened in the north south west and east |
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| had to pay tax to vote and show receipt to prove you payed your tax every year you were able to vote for. taxes compounded and had a penalty added on and most blacks were unable to pay |
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| if your grandfather was able to vote you didnt have to show your previous receipts |
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| had to prove ou could read the ballot. illegal to educate slaves so most freed slaves were illiterate evolved over a long time and lasted for a while. as slaves became literate the literacy tests became harder. |
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| in order to participate in the primary you had to be a democrat party member and you had to be white to be in the party |
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| segregated the whole white house. |
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| how do you fight segregation |
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| protest, court cases checks on education starts in college law school |
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| world war II helped end segregation |
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| black troops, fighting for equal rights in other countries, opened up more job opportunities for blacks and women at home |
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| black girl lived in segregation neighborhood black girl walked further to segregated school than the white school down the block. brown says we are communicating the message of being not good and theres something wrong with them |
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| made it known that politcal parties are somewhat governmental so they have to allow blacks to participate |
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| grandfather clause taken away |
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| unconstitutional because blatant attempt to block out blacks freed by the 13th amendment |
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| kennedy first started with martin luther king, johnson gets act through. prohibits discrimination in education, hiring and firing, public services, transportation, races, gender, and religion. eeoc defines descrimination |
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| allowed fed govt, to take over registration of voters in discriminating counties to allow them to vote. also took over balloting process oversea redistricting, certify election |
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| why is voting rights act important |
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| changes the state officials of how they are elected and voted for. gives blacks stronger voice in the political process |
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| educate and recruit under represented groups in to prefersions and education groups. made tax breaks for companys and schools with affirmative action. johnson |
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| house of reps and house of senate |
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| every 2 years a new member is elected and it gets a number |
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| differences between house and senate |
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house larger- 435 people known to be unruly many historical fights entire house is elected every 2 years.
senate- smaller body 100 people 1/3 of senate up for election every 2 years. 2 reps from each state |
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| needs to adopt the rule- if this doesnt pass then the bill is killed. vote after the debates according to the rule- must have majority of present that are voting. |
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| when do you need more than majority |
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| overriding a veto, writing an amendment to the constitution |
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| whats purpose of creating the senate |
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| to check the house senate is the wiser of the two branches |
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| vice president involvment in senate |
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| vice president is senate if there is a tie he casts the deciding vote |
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| most senior member of the majority party not very powerful it is just a ceremonial position. robert bird |
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fewer commitiees than in house but more powerful. most senior member of majority party in that committee (longest service in committee not in senate)
->determines the agenda of committee
->can't be taken off chair
->controls resources |
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| majority and minority leaders. need to have good negotiating skills majority leader is most powerful person in the senate. leaders are elected by party caucuses |
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| only members of the party in the chamber. job is to move the parties agenda through the chamber |
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| count votes, makes sure people will show up to the voting |
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| only bill that must start in house |
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| all bills are read 3 times on the floor before passing. then assigns to a committee |
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| debate in senate is not structured |
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| dung debate once someone is recognized they can have the floor for as long as they want |
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| is attemtp to talk a bill to death |
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| amendment to a bill that has nothing to do with the bill. no blcok to any amendments being made |
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| committee composed of house and senate members. works out a compromise version of a bill tht has passed both chambers but in different forms. goes back to chambers if one rejects its dead |
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| like to be in power. want to be something very powerful in the gov't vote in ways that will promote career |
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| bring the concers of people bringing upto attnetion and put on the calender |
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| look at the global solution to help everybody |
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| look at the global solution to help everybody |
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| move legislation through congress |
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| acting as a liason between community and government |
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| committees, sub committees, majority party has the most seats in all committees, headed by committee chair-> always majority party. used to screen legislation |
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| assigns bills and members to committees, picks committee chairs, manage resources of the chamber |
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| majority and minority party leader. elected by party caucus, job= move party agenda through the chamber |
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| helps keep agenda focused on party interest |
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| its a way to check up on the executive branch |
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| saying we'll keep last year's budget until the new one can be passed. budget supposed to be passed in october |
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| any piece of legislation passed has an expiration date whe it hto be renewed, makes sure congress is checking up on the bills |
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| general accounting office |
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| audits all programs for effiencey, effectiveness, intent of bill being fulfilled. every 5 years, used to determine renewal and apropriations , made of staff members not congressmen |
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| open gov't records to public, allows individuals and interest groups to investigate operations on their own, helps bring problems to the attention of congress |
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| individuals use their own judgement of what is in the best interest of their constituents, just needs to be able toe xplain themselves, see public service as a duty |
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| act as a voice of constituents, bring viewpoints of constituents to gov't and act only on waht they have specifically support, see runing for ofice as a tool |
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| white male property owners of a certain age, designed to make the voices that did participate equal, races and females are inhuman/inferior and cannot vote, poor white men could be influenced by their employers so could not vote |
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| was popular with people but not gov't figures so won popular vote but lost electoral college, expnds the electorate so he can get elected and does, now all white men can vote |
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