Term
| What is applications barrier to entry? |
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Definition
| When more consumers chose one company's service over another's, support focuses more on the popular choice which leaves other companies behind. For example, Microsoft Windows won out for longevity over companies like IBM because they had more 3rd party software developers creating programs only for Windows, as it was the most popular OS at the time. This prevented other OS companies from becoming as large as Microsoft. |
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Term
| How do economies of density work? |
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Definition
| Economies of density is a problem relating to how companies chose where to give service. If a telecom company had the choice to lay one cable to an apartment complex servicing 1,000 customers, that seems like a good decision. However, if 9 other companies decide to follow in the first company's footsteps and each lay a cable to the apartment complex, then each company would service only around 100 customers each, making it very difficult to gain back the sunk costs of laying the cable. |
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Term
| The Telecommunications Act of 1996 did what? |
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Definition
| It abolished all exclusive franchises, ordered all telecom carriers to interconnect with all requesting carriers, and declared all local exchange, long distance, and access markets open for competition. |
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Term
| When Congress attempted to grant rights to new entrants to lease capacity on the facilities owned by incumbent telephone companies, what did this enable? |
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Definition
| This allowed the new entrants to participate in the incumbents economies of scale by availing themselves of the same low per unit cost. |
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Term
| How does the FCC view regional telco markets for fixed broadened internet access? |
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Definition
| Duopolies - dominated by legacy telcos and cable incumbents |
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Term
| The Bell System was a corporate family of "operating companies", and were eventually bound together by a long-distance network known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does PSTN stand for? |
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Definition
| Public Switched Telephone Network |
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Term
| What is Technological Convergence |
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Definition
| The use of different technologies to provide similar service. |
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Term
| What is the Public Switched Telephone Network? |
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Definition
| The Public Switched Telephone Network is a global interconnection of networks of circuit-switched telephones which reinforces voice communication. |
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Term
| What is the difference between economies of scale and economies of density? |
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Definition
| With economies of scale, unit costs of production fall as the scale of production increases. A good example would be to talk about manufacturing: in order to build a car, you have to have a factory and materials and workers. If the company only builds five cars, those cars have to be really expensive to cover the costs of building the factory, paying the workers, etc. But if the company builds 5,000 cars, costs are spread out and prices fall, making the cars much cheaper while still recovering the total costs of production. With economies of density, unit cost for provision of service is much cheaper in denser areas, and more expensive in less dense areas. Using the example of Verizon, one cell tower built in downtown Athens might provide service to 15,000 people, making it extremely cheap to provide service there. If Verizon built one cell tower ten miles outside of the city, it may only provide service to 100 people, making it drastically more expensive to provide service. |
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Term
| At the ___________, the Internet includes millions of networked computers and smart devices joined together by routers, fiber-optic pipes, cellular networks, and other transmission media into a worldwide network or networks. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a CDN, and what does it do? |
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Definition
| A CDN is a "Content Delivery Network," and it is used to deliver website data to users without having to send the data across the entirety of the internet. Data is stored in multiple locations called cache servers, that are physically closer to users and sometimes directly interconnected to local ISPs, to allow for faster communication and delivery times by avoiding bottlenecks like internet backbones. |
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Term
| What is the difference between the Web and the internet? |
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Definition
| The Web is an application that runs on the internet; both can be independent of the other. For example, the internet is used for many purposes that do not require the use of the web or a web browser, such as Skype or online gaming. Likewise, the Web can be used to read web pages that are not received over the internet, such as those on the viewing device's hard drive. |
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Term
| The FCC defines VoIP into two basic categories what are they? |
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Definition
| Interconnected and Non-interconnected. |
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Term
| What is the main difference between interconnected and non interconnected? |
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Definition
| Interconnected are subject to various regulatory obligations, and Non-interconnected are only subject to few obligations. |
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Term
| What is a main difference between peering and transit? |
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Definition
| Peering may or may not involve money where as transit always does OR Peering connects directly where as transit connects indirectly |
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Term
| Interconnected VoIP services fall into two subcategories: nomadic and fixed. Describe the differences. |
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Definition
| Fixed services are tied to a specific last mile network and is only usable from the customer's home. Nomadic is an over the top service, such as Vonage or Skype and isn't tied to a specific broadband connection. |
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Term
| Name two features of the internet that helped the growth of the internet |
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Definition
| Openness of the protocols and the ability for anyone to develop content for it |
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Term
| What is settlement-free peering? |
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Definition
| Settlement-free peering is where two peers agree to carry traffic across a better route for one another as mutual compensation. Settlement-free refers to there being no monetary exchange in the transaction, just an agreement to carry the other's traffic along a more efficient route. |
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Term
| Most end users rely on ___________ such as Comcast and Verizon to bridge the "last mile" gap between them and the rest of the internet. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do some of the largest conventional telcos such as AT&T and CenturyLink own some of the largest internet backbone networks |
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Definition
| There is an enormous overlap between long-distance telephone networks and internet backbone networks. The fiber optic lines that carry internet backbone traffic often coexist along the same routes as fiber stands that carry long distance telephone traffic. Therefore the telcos with long distance lines in place already have a good place to put internet backbone lines. |
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Term
| The Open Internet Order adopted two different types of substantive rules for net neutrality. What is one of the two rules |
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Definition
| A ban on blocking or degrading lawful content over an Internet access platform and a ban on or at least close regulation of, contractual deals between broadband networks and Internet content providers for favored treatment over that platform |
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Term
| What concern, among others, motivates the modern net neutrality movement? |
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Definition
| To prevent a dominant provider in any one layer of the Internet from acting in ways that stifle competition and innovation in adjacent layers with the effect of reducing overall consumer welfare. |
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Term
| Congress left the _____ _____ rules essentially untouched when it overhauled the Communications Act of 1996 |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of an application and content provider. |
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Definition
| Netflix, Skype, Bit Torrent. |
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Term
| What is "reasonable network management |
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Definition
| It is an exception in FCC net neutrality regulations that allows ISPs to change the speed of accessing |
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Term
| Why was the early internet effectively net neutral without any government intervention? |
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Definition
| A dial-up connection is basically just a phone call. The telephone service provider can't control who you call on the phone, so it can't dictate which web servers you call either. |
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Term
| In 2005 what did Madison River Communication do that gained the FCC's attention and what happened in the end? |
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Definition
| They blacked their subscribers' access to VoIP service to protect lucrative access charges they earned from long-distance calls. The controversy ended when they paid a fee and stopped this practice. |
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Term
| What did Comcast do in late 2007 that violated the Policy Statement? |
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Definition
| Comcast manipulated internet packets to discourage the use of BitTorrent. |
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Term
| What was the original purpose of the Computer Inquiries of the 1970s and 1980s? |
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Definition
| The original purpose of the Computer Inquiries was to govern the relationship between common carriers and data-processing industries |
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Term
| What was the main change that occurred from Computer I to Computer II in regards to Computer Inquiries? |
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Definition
| The main change was that in Computer II telecommunication was split into two categories, Basic and Enhanced. |
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Term
| What does an enhanced service provider sell? |
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Definition
| They sell content or data processing services to the public by means of underlying transmission facilities. |
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Term
| In what instance do service providers prioritize IP-bases applications? |
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Definition
| In such instances like AT&T's U-verse system. The packets that contain video and voice information from the bundle are marked and receive special treatment so that they reach their destination faster for better service. |
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Term
| What did open-access advocates generally argue? |
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Definition
| They argued that cable broadband services are (or included) “telecommunications services” subject to common carrier regulation under Title II of the Communications Act. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consumers of cable modem service could choose among ISPs. |
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Term
| Explain the Open Internet Order's third main rule, transparency |
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Definition
| Requires all broadband ISPs to publicly disclose accurate information regarding the network management process, performance, and commercial terms of its broadband Internet access services. |
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Term
| Implicit subsidies have been associated with |
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Definition
|
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Term
| These companies are almost entirely dependent on ILECs for the inputs that they need to provision services, typically to business customers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not typically associated with due process of law? |
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Definition
The administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the
principle that a person cannot be deprived of life or liberty or property without |
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Term
| Which of the following wireless carriers was not acquired during the period 2002-2013 |
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Definition
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Term
| Monopoly Power/Market Power |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 20 years, exclusive rights to pateneted item |
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Term
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Definition
| Exclusice right to serve an area, granted by the state |
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Term
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Definition
| Production costs fall when production scale inreases |
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Term
|
Definition
| The value of a produce depends on the number of users |
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Term
|
Definition
| unit cost falls as number of products increses in service set |
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Term
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Definition
| monopoly in an industry in which it is most efficient (involving the lowest long-run average cost) for production to be concentrated in a single firm. This market situation gives the largest supplier in an industry, often the first supplier in a market, an overwhelming cost advantage over other actual and potential competitors |
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Term
| Monopoly power and the ability to "tax" |
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Definition
| regulators can tax monopolies to fulfill their goals |
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Term
| "Bad" aspects of monopoly |
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Definition
| Restriction of output, higher prices, price discrimmionation, concentration of political power |
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Term
| "Good" aspects of monopoly |
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Definition
| Natural monopoly will lead to least cost provision, Regulated monopoly can use market power to meet social goals without direct taxation |
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Term
| Competition as a policy goal, Expected outcomes of competitive markets |
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Definition
| Allocative and productive efficiency, Dispersion of political power, Increased opportunity |
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Term
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Definition
| 5th Amendment and property protection, |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to the "common well-being" or "general welfare" |
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Term
|
Definition
| communication inside the state |
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Term
|
Definition
| communication from state to state |
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Term
|
Definition
| the displacing effect state laws might have on ordinances enacted by municipalities |
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Term
| The “administrative branch” of government |
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Definition
| Legislative bodies make laws that empower adminsrative agancies, ---Agencies take initiative of their own (rules and regulations),------Agencies are supposed to act in public interest |
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Term
| Title I Regulation and “Information Service” |
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Definition
| subject to minimal regulation under the FCC |
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Term
| Title II Regulation and “Telecommunications Service” |
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Definition
| subject to common carrier regulation |
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Term
| Discovery (What is it? Yes or no at the FCC?) |
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Definition
| written request for information, no |
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Term
| Ex Parte (What is it? Yes or no at the FCC?) |
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Definition
| Communication with a secision maker in the interest of one side without the other side present, yes |
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Term
| Hearings (Yes or no at the FCC?) |
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Definition
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Term
| Comments and reply comments |
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Definition
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Term
| Appeals and Chevron Deference |
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Definition
| appealing error in fact or law, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| protects interest of customers |
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Term
|
Definition
| theory that information an favors are given and received to produdced to regulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| focus on future vision of how things are to be delt with |
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Term
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Definition
| taxes implemented to foster regulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| devided into comm, data processing and hybrid, maximum separation |
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Term
|
Definition
| develpoed catagories of services, basic and enhanced |
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Term
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Definition
| began competition and access, allowed end of seperation subsation |
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