Term
| A political party is different from an interest group in that a political party? |
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Definition
| Seeks to control the government by nominating candidates and electing its members to office |
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Term
| Which party was formed in the 1830s in opposition to Andrew Jackson’s presidency? |
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Definition
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Term
| The so-called New deal coalition was severely strained... |
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Definition
| During the 1960s by conflicts over civil rights and the Vietnam war (p.215) |
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Term
| The periodic episodes in American history in which an “old” dominant political party is replaced by a “new” dominant political party are called? |
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Definition
| Electoral realignments (p.217) |
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Term
| In a_____electoral system, political parties are awarded legislative seats in rough approximation to the percentage of Polisario votes that each party wins. |
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Definition
| Proportional representation (p.219) |
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Term
| Which of the following factors is not currently an obstacle to voting in the United States? |
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Definition
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Term
| An open primary is a primary election in which |
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Definition
| All registered voters are allowed to choose in the day of the primary which Larry’s primary they will participate in (p.230) |
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Term
| If a state has 10 members in the House of Representatives how many votes in the electoral college does that state have? |
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Definition
12 (p.231)
Always two senators |
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Term
| The main difference between a 527 committee and a 501(c)(4) is that |
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Definition
| A 501(c)(4)is not legally required to disclose where it gets its money(dark money), while a 527 (super PAC) is legally required to do so (p.237) |
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Term
| Public funding of presidential campaigns was |
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Definition
| Rejected by all four major-party presidential candidates in 2012 and 2016 (p.238) |
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Term
| Buckley v. Valero the Supreme Court ruled |
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Definition
| The right of individuals to spend their own money to campaign is constitutionally protected (p.239) |
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Term
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Definition
| A proposed law or policy change that is placed on the ballot by citizens or interest groups for a popular vote |
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Term
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Definition
| A normally closed political party business meeting of citizens to select candidates, elect officers, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters |
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Term
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Definition
| A primary election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates but only of the party in which they are enrolled for a period of time prior to primary day |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition in American government wherein the presidency is controlled by one party while the opposing party controls one or both houses of Congress |
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Term
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Definition
| The electors from each state who meet after the popular election to cast ballots for president and Vice President |
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Term
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Definition
| The point in history when a new party supplants the ruling party, becoming in turn the dominant political force |
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Term
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Definition
| Politically active non profits; under federal law, these nonprofits can spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns and not disclose their donors as long as their activities are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns and political activities are not their primary purpose |
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Term
| 527 committees (super PACs) |
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Definition
| Non-profit independent groups that receive and disburse funds to influence the nomination, election, or defeat of candidates;named after section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, which defines and provides tax-exempt status for nonprofit advocacy groups |
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Term
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Definition
| A regularly scheduled election involving most districts in the nation or state, in which voters decide who wins office; in the United States, general elections for national office and most state and local offices are held on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in November in even numbered years (every four years for presidential elections) |
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Term
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Definition
| A candidate running for re-election to a position that he or she already holds |
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Term
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Definition
| The party that holds the majority of legislative seats in either the house or senate |
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Term
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Definition
| When political campaigns tailor messages to individuals in small homogenous groups based on their group interests to support a candidate or policy issue |
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Term
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Definition
| The party that holds the minority of legislative seats in either the house or the senate |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which large numbers of people are organized for a political party |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which political parties select their candidates for election to public office |
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Term
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Definition
| A primary election in which the voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in to select candidates for the general election |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual voters psychological ties to one party or another |
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Term
| Political action committee (PAC) |
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Definition
| A private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns |
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Term
|
Definition
| Organized groups that attempt to influence the government by electing their members to important offices |
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Term
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Definition
| Elections within a political party to select the party’s candidate for the general election |
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Term
| Proportional representation |
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Definition
| A multiple member district system in which many competing political parties are awarded legislative seats in rough proportion to the percentage of popular votes that each party wins |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure to allow voters to remove state officials from office before their terms expire by circulating petitions to call a vote |
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Term
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Definition
| The practice of referring a measure proposed or passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection (p.231) |
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Term
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Definition
| Status in society based on level of education, income, and occupational prestige |
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Term
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Definition
| The right to vote, also called franchise |
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Term
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Definition
| Parties that organize to compete against the two major American political parties |
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Term
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Definition
| The percentage of eligible individuals who actually vote |
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Term
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Definition
| A political system in which only two parties have a realistic opportunity to compete effectively for control of the government |
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Term
| The theory that competition among organized interests will produce balance, with all the interests regulating one another is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The natural resources defense council, the Sierra club, the national civic league, and the common cause are all examples of |
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Definition
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Term
| Benefits sought by groups that are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers are called |
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Definition
| Collective goods. (P.255) |
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Term
| Discount purchasing and health insurance are examples of |
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Definition
| Material benefits (p.256) |
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Term
| Friendship and networking are examples of |
|
Definition
| Solidary benefits (p.256) |
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Term
| Which of the following is an important reason for the enormous increase in the number of groups seeking to influence the American political system |
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Definition
| The increase in size and activity of government during the last few decades (p.258) |
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Term
| The term Microsofted refers to |
|
Definition
| A company becoming marginalized in the political process as a result of insufficient efforts to lobby policy makers (p.261) |
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Term
| A stable, cooperative relationship between a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| federal governments rules regarding lobbying |
|
Definition
| Federal rules require all lobbyists to disclose the amounts and sources of small campaign contributions they collect from clients and bundle into large contributions (p.261-263) |
|
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Term
| ways that interest groups use the courts to influence public policy |
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Definition
| bringing suit directly on behalf of a group itself, financing suits brought by individuals, and by filing a companion brief as an amicus curiae(friend of court) to existing court case (p.263) |
|
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Term
| “going public” strategies |
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Definition
| Institutional advertising, grass roots advertising, and protests and demonstrations(p.264-5) |
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Term
| One of the major differences between PACs and Super PACs is that |
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Definition
| A Super PAC has a maximum contribution limit of $5,000 per candidate in each election cycle while a PAC cannot donate to candidates directly but can spend on campaign indirectly with unlimited funds (p.266) |
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Term
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Definition
| Benefits, sought by groups, that are broadly available and cannot be denied to non members |
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Term
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Definition
| Those who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring them |
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Term
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Definition
| A lobbying campaign in which a group mobilizes its membership to contact government officials on support of the groups position |
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Term
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Definition
| Special newsletters, periodicals, training programs, conferences, and other informational provided to members of groups to entice others to join |
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Term
| Institutional advertising |
|
Definition
| Advertising designed to create a positive image on an organization (p.264) |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals who organize to influence the governments programs and policies(249) |
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Term
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Definition
| The stable, cooperative relationships that often develop among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups: not all of these relationships are triangular, but the iron triangle is the most typical |
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Term
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Definition
| A strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation or other public policy by exerting direct pressure ron mlemnees ld the legislature (261) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Special goods, services, or money provided to members of groups to entice others to join (256) |
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Term
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Definition
| An organized group in which members actually play a substantial role, sitting on committees and engaging in group projects |
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Term
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Definition
| A political movement that began in the 1960s and 70s made up of professionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and anti war movements were formative experiences; the new politics movement strengthened public interest groups (259) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation (249) |
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Term
| Political action committee (PAC) |
|
Definition
| A private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns (250) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Groups that claim they serve the general food rather than only their own particular interest (251) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Selective benefits of group membership that emphasize the purpose and accomplishments of the group (257) |
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Term
|
Definition
Selective benefits of group
membership that emphasize friendship, networking, and consciousness raising |
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Term
| Informational benefit examples |
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Definition
| Conferences, professional contacts, training programs, publications, coordination among organizations, research, legal help, collective bargaining |
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Term
| Material benefit examples |
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Definition
| Travel packages, insurance, discounts on consumer goods |
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Term
|
Definition
| Friendship, networking opportunities |
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Term
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Definition
| Advocacy, representation before government, participation in public affairs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of membership group in which a professional staff conducts most of the groups activities (255) |
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Term
|
Definition
| An independent political action committee that may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute to or coordinate directly with parties and candidates (266) |
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Term
| Which of the following is a way in which the house and the senate are different? |
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Definition
| Members of the house are more interested in doing what their constituents want right now while senators have more tome to consider “new ideas” and to bring together new coalitions of interests.(278) |
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Term
| Which type of representation is described when constituents have the power to hire and fire their representative(278) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements best describes the social composition of the U.S.? (279-80) |
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Definition
| The legal profession is the dominant career of most members of congress prior to their election(279-280) |
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Term
| Which of the following is an advantage that incumbents have in winning re-election? |
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Definition
| Incumbents can provide constituency services during their tenure in office(282) |
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Term
| The Supreme Court has ruled what about race and congressional districts? |
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Definition
| Race cannot be the predominant factor in drawing congressional districts (285) |
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Term
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Definition
| Language inserted into a bill by a member of congress that provides special benefits for the member of congress’s constituents (286) |
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Term
| Which of the following types of committees included members of both the house and the senate on the same committee? |
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Definition
| Conference committee (291) |
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Term
| Who can not be filibustered |
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Definition
| Nominees for positions in the executive branch and the federal courts cannot currently be filibustered (295) |
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Term
| Members of congress take their constituents views into account because |
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Definition
| They worry that their voting record will be scrutinized at election times (298) |
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Term
| Which of the following is not a resource that party leaders in congress use to create party discipline? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| An agreement between members of congress to trade support for each others bills is known as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Congressional polarization |
|
Definition
| Has increased since the mid 1970s(303) |
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Term
| When congress conducts an investigation to explore the relationship between what a law intended and what an executive agency has done, it is engaged in |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the president the only official who can be impeached by congress? |
|
Definition
| No, it can be POTUS, VPOTUS, too executive branch officials, and judicial officials. (305) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of representation in which a representative is held accountable to a constituency if he or she fails to represent that constituency properly; this is incentive for the representative to provide good representation when his or her personal backgrounds, views, and interests differ from those of his or her constituency |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process, occurring after every decennial census, that allocates congressional seats among the 50 states |
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Term
|
Definition
| The amounts of money approved by congress on statutes (bills) that each unit or agency of government can spend |
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Term
|
Definition
| Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses; distinguished from unicameral |
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Term
|
Definition
| A proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of congress and submitted to the clerk of the house or senate |
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Term
|
Definition
| A normally closed political party business netting of citizens or lawmakers to select candidates, elect officers, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters |
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Term
|
Definition
| A rule or process in a legislative body aimed at ending debate on a given bill; in the U.S. senate, 60 senators (three-fifths) must agree in order to impose a time limit and end debate |
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Term
|
Definition
| A gathering of house republicans every two years to elect their house leaders; democrats call their gathering the caucus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Joint committees created to work out a compromise on house and senate versions of a piece of legislation |
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Term
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Definition
| The residents in the area from which an official is elected |
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Term
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Definition
| A tactic used by members of the senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down; once given the floor, senators have unlimited times to speak, and it requires a vote of three fifths of the senate to end a filibuster |
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Term
|
Definition
| The apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party |
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Term
|
Definition
| The formal charge by the House of Representatives that a government official has committed “Treason, bribery, or other high crime and misdemeanors” |
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Term
|
Definition
| Holding the political office for which one is running |
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Term
|
Definition
| Legislative committees formed of members of both the house and senate |
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Term
|
Definition
| A legislative practice whereby agreements are made between legislators in voting for or against a bill; vote trading |
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Term
|
Definition
| The elected leader of g. Majority party in the House of Representatives to css or in the senate; in the house, the majority leader is subordinate in the party hierarchy to the speaker of the house |
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Term
|
Definition
| The elected leader of the minority party in the house or senate |
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Term
|
Definition
| The effort by congress through hearings, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activists of executive agencies |
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Term
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Definition
| The resources available to higher officials, usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants, licenses, or special favors to supporters |
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Term
|
Definition
A presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of
a legislative session |
|
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Term
| Pork barrel legislation (or pork) |
|
Definition
| Appropriations made by legislative bodies for local projects that are often not needed but that are created so that local representatives can win re-election in their home districts |
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Term
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Definition
| A proposal in congress to provide a specific person with some kind of relief, such as a special exemption from immigration policies |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives; this happens every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or in response to legal challenges to existing districts |
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Term
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Definition
| A vote in which each legislators yes-or-no vote is recorded as the clerk calls the names of the members alphabetically |
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Term
|
Definition
| Temporary legislative committees set up to highlight or investigate a particular issue or address an issue not within the jurisdiction of existing committees |
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Term
|
Definition
| The ranking given to an individual on the basis of length of continuous service on a committee in congress |
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Term
| Sociological representation |
|
Definition
| A type of representation in which representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents. It is based on the principle that if two individuals are similar in background, character, interests, and perspectives, then ken can correctly represent the others views |
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Term
|
Definition
| The chief presiding officer of the House of Representatives the speaker is the most important party and house leader and can influence the legislative agenda, the fate of individual pieces of legislation, and members positions within the house |
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Term
|
Definition
| A permanent committee within the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject, such as finance or agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
| Legally prescribed limits on the number of terms an elected official can serve |
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Term
|
Definition
| The presidents constitutional power to prevent a bill from becoming a law a presidential veto may be overridden by a two thirds vote of each house of congress |
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Term
|
Definition
| A party member in the house or senate responsible for coordinating the party’s legislative strategy, building support for key issues and counting votes |
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Term
| What President warned against political parties? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many times has the popular vote not elected our president? |
|
Definition
| 4 times. Hayes, Grover Cleveland, bush, trump |
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Term
| Unlike interest groups, political parties are inclusive, in that they are_____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do third parties have a hard time breaking through |
|
Definition
| Electoral realignments are uncommon. Only five realignments in lifespan of US |
|
|
Term
| Loose aggregations of state parties |
|
Definition
| National political parties |
|
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Term
| What was the first political party, and who founded it? |
|
Definition
| The federalists, founded by Alexander Hamilton, defeated by Jefferson republicans. |
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Term
| Third parties have only been successful when? |
|
Definition
| When the Republican Party replaced the whigs |
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